The proposed law, adopted on November 15, 2021, aims to bring together the digital transition and the ecological transition. It aims to make all digital actors responsible: consumers, professionals and public actors. Digital technology is indeed generating increasing pollution.
The bill was inspired by the recommendations of the report of the information mission on the environmental footprint of digital, set up in late 2019 by the Senate Committee on Land Use and Sustainable Development.
According to this mission, if nothing is done, by 2040 digital technology will be responsible for 24 million tons of carbon equivalent, or about 7% of France's emissions, compared to 2% today.
The text is structured around five objectives.
Références :
Raise awareness of the environmental impact of digital technology
According to a survey conducted by the BVA-Digital Society Forum, thehe French still have a poor perception of the links between digital technology and the environment. " The reason: a real lack of information and awareness," note the authors of this survey."When asked about the links between digital technology and the environment, respondents mentioned both positive elements (saving paper and preserving forests, promoting ecology) and negative ones (pollution, energy consumption)... When asked directly about the impact of digital technology on the environment, twice as many respondents considered the impact to be negative (40%) rather than positive (21%), while 30% said they did not know.However, 73% believe that the development of digital equipment has a significant impact on the environment, 63% for connected objects.
To this end, the adopted law provides:
- training in digital sobriety from the earliest age at school and at university entrance from the start of the academic year 2022;
- a module on the ecodesign of digital services for computer science engineering courses;
- a new observatory on the environmental impacts of digital technology, to be placed under the auspices of the Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) and the French regulatory authority for electronic communications, post and press distribution (ARCEP).
Limit the renewal of digital devices
The manufacture of digital terminals (smartphones, tablets, computers ...) represents 70% of the carbon footprint of the digital industry in France. To extend the life of products, it is planned for example:- to make the offence of programmed obsolescence more operational;
- to reinforce the fight against software obsolescence;
- to inform the consumer of the essential characteristics of each update of his digital device, "in particular the storage space that it requires, its impact on the performance of the good and the evolution of the functionalities that it comprises".
- manufacturers to make it impossible to restore the full functionality of a repaired or refurbished terminal;
- techniques that prevent the consumer from installing software or operating systems of their choice on their device after two years.
Refurbished smartphones and tablets will be subject to a specific and differentiated rate of private copy levy (PCL) compared to new devices, taking into account their age. Companies in the social and solidarity sector will be exempted.
The text also envisages binding recycling, reuse and repair targets for certain digital goods and the implementation of national collection operations for digital equipment, carried out by producers or their eco-organizations and accompanied by a return premium.
In order to fight against the "marketing obsolescence" of smartphones, consumer information on "subsidized" offers, which associate the purchase of a smartphone with the subscription of a mobile package, has been reinforced.
Promote ecologically sound digital uses
The law provides for a general reference framework for the ecodesign of digital services, setting criteria for the sustainable design of websites from 2024. (Several government departments are working on the development of an eco-design standard for digital services. A public consultation will allow to validate the proposed criteria or to enrich the reference frame in order to pass from this beta version to a version 1).On the proposal of the deputies, telephone canvassing via automatic call machines is strictly regulated.
Promote energy-efficient data centers and networks
In the context of the deployment of 5G, the text reinforces the environmental conditions that will apply, as of 2022, to the reduced rate of the domestic tax on final consumption of electricity (TICFE) applicable to data centers.Electronic communications operators will have to publish key indicators summarizing their commitments to the ecological transition.
Promoting a responsible digital strategy in the territories
The territorial climate-air-energy plans (PCAET) will have to integrate the issue of heat recovery from data centers.Starting in 2025, municipalities and their inter-municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants will have to develop a responsible digital strategy that will indicate, among other things, the objectives for reducing the environmental footprint of digital technology and the measures implemented to achieve them. By January 1, 2023 at the latest, they will draw up a work program prior to the development of this strategy, which will include an inventory of the players involved and, if applicable, measures taken to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology.
Références :
Sources
- 1. Vie publique.fr: Law of November 15, 2021 aimed at reducing the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
- 2. Légifrance: Law n° 2021-1485 of November 15, 2021 aiming to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
- 3. Vie publique.fr: Law of November 15, 2021 aimed at reducing the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
- 4. Légifrance: Law n° 2021-1485 of November 15, 2021 aiming to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
Adoption of the law to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology
The proposed law, adopted on November 15, 2021, aims to bring together the digital transition and the ecological transition. It aims to make all digital actors responsible: consumers, professionals and public actors. Digital technology is indeed generating increasing pollution.
The bill was inspired by the recommendations of the report of the information mission on the environmental footprint of digital, set up in late 2019 by the Senate Committee on Land Use and Sustainable Development.
According to this mission, if nothing is done, by 2040 digital technology will be responsible for 24 million tons of carbon equivalent, or about 7% of France's emissions, compared to 2% today.
The text is structured around five objectives.
Références :
Raise awareness of the environmental impact of digital technology
According to a survey conducted by the BVA-Digital Society Forum, thehe French still have a poor perception of the links between digital technology and the environment. " The reason: a real lack of information and awareness," note the authors of this survey."When asked about the links between digital technology and the environment, respondents mentioned both positive elements (saving paper and preserving forests, promoting ecology) and negative ones (pollution, energy consumption)... When asked directly about the impact of digital technology on the environment, twice as many respondents considered the impact to be negative (40%) rather than positive (21%), while 30% said they did not know.However, 73% believe that the development of digital equipment has a significant impact on the environment, 63% for connected objects.
To this end, the adopted law provides:
- training in digital sobriety from the earliest age at school and at university entrance from the start of the academic year 2022;
- a module on the ecodesign of digital services for computer science engineering courses;
- a new observatory on the environmental impacts of digital technology, to be placed under the auspices of the Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) and the French regulatory authority for electronic communications, post and press distribution (ARCEP).
Limit the renewal of digital devices
The manufacture of digital terminals (smartphones, tablets, computers ...) represents 70% of the carbon footprint of the digital industry in France. To extend the life of products, it is planned for example:- to make the offence of programmed obsolescence more operational;
- to reinforce the fight against software obsolescence;
- to inform the consumer of the essential characteristics of each update of his digital device, "in particular the storage space that it requires, its impact on the performance of the good and the evolution of the functionalities that it comprises".
- manufacturers to make it impossible to restore the full functionality of a repaired or refurbished terminal;
- techniques that prevent the consumer from installing software or operating systems of their choice on their device after two years.
Refurbished smartphones and tablets will be subject to a specific and differentiated rate of private copy levy (PCL) compared to new devices, taking into account their age. Companies in the social and solidarity sector will be exempted.
The text also envisages binding recycling, reuse and repair targets for certain digital goods and the implementation of national collection operations for digital equipment, carried out by producers or their eco-organizations and accompanied by a return premium.
In order to fight against the "marketing obsolescence" of smartphones, consumer information on "subsidized" offers, which associate the purchase of a smartphone with the subscription of a mobile package, has been reinforced.
Promote ecologically sound digital uses
The law provides for a general reference framework for the ecodesign of digital services, setting criteria for the sustainable design of websites from 2024. (Several government departments are working on the development of an eco-design standard for digital services. A public consultation will allow to validate the proposed criteria or to enrich the reference frame in order to pass from this beta version to a version 1).On the proposal of the deputies, telephone canvassing via automatic call machines is strictly regulated.
Promote energy-efficient data centers and networks
In the context of the deployment of 5G, the text reinforces the environmental conditions that will apply, as of 2022, to the reduced rate of the domestic tax on final consumption of electricity (TICFE) applicable to data centers.Electronic communications operators will have to publish key indicators summarizing their commitments to the ecological transition.
Promoting a responsible digital strategy in the territories
The territorial climate-air-energy plans (PCAET) will have to integrate the issue of heat recovery from data centers.Starting in 2025, municipalities and their inter-municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants will have to develop a responsible digital strategy that will indicate, among other things, the objectives for reducing the environmental footprint of digital technology and the measures implemented to achieve them. By January 1, 2023 at the latest, they will draw up a work program prior to the development of this strategy, which will include an inventory of the players involved and, if applicable, measures taken to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology.
Références :
Sources
- 1. Vie publique.fr: Law of November 15, 2021 aimed at reducing the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
- 2. Légifrance: Law n° 2021-1485 of November 15, 2021 aiming to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
- 3. Vie publique.fr: Law of November 15, 2021 aimed at reducing the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
- 4. Légifrance: Law n° 2021-1485 of November 15, 2021 aiming to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technology in France
Labo Société Numérique