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In 2021, the French Agency for Ecological Transition (ADEME) has proposed a new way for the public player to participate in financing the development and maintenance of commons: the Appel à communs.The Call for Commons aims to support the creation of commons, i.e. resources (data, software, hardware) shared and nurtured by a community that develops governance and rules (notably licensing) to manage and protect them. In this respect, a commons can also be seen as a necessary, non-competitive resource in a given field. It is therefore in the interest of all players to organize themselves to mutualize its development, to help it grow and eventually to make it a standard. In this way, the Call for Commons helps to synchronize individual and collective dynamics, contributors, needs and resources, drawing on ADEME's experience with Fabriques (Mobility and Logistics Fabriques in particular). The Appel à commun differs from traditional Calls for Projects in that its primary intention is not to generate new projects, but rather to maximize the networking effect between existing projects. This is achieved by promoting and supporting the open-licensing of productions; encouraging the development of communities around projects; sharing tools and resources between projects; and co-constructing the issues to be addressed.This initiative, which involves a growing number of public funding bodies, represents an important step forward in terms of the ways in which public players can participate in the development and maintenance of digital commons. The initiative is still in its infancy, but we can now look back on the 2021 edition and present the second one recently launched. In 2021, ADEME rolled out its first Call for Commons on the subject of territorial resilience. A first edition dedicated to territorial resilienceTerritorial resilience is defined as the ability to anticipate disturbances, whether sudden or slow; to mitigate or absorb their effects; to recover and bounce back thanks to learning, adaptation and innovation; and to evolve towards a new state of "dynamic equilibrium", preserving its functionalities. It thus reflects properties of particular interest in terms of risk and disaster prevention: collective and individual learning capacities, ability to act by reconciling very different timescales, aptitude for governance, dynamism and creativity, democracy and openness.The aim of this first Call for Commons was to bring together all willing players to produce open resources - digital or material commons - that would increase the resilience of territories, with a view to adapting to climate change, through the creation and sharing of these commons. This collaborative production of open resources implied the creation of digital tools: technological platforms, open data, free software, etc. To support this action, several dedicated tools were set up: a wiki (bringing together knowledge, feedback, protocols, experimental territories, etc.), an exchange forum and regular webinars designed to encourage exchanges within the community. The desire to participate in the development of common operationalIn order to meet its objective of participating in the development of common solutions to the problem of territorial resilience, ADEME, in conjunction with the community concerned, identified several concrete challenges to be addressed. Each of these challenges required a response that met a number of complementary characteristics:prove that they are rooted in a French-speaking region of the world;present a financing plan including 30% co-financing or self-financing - the assistance provided under the Call for Proposals may not exceed 70% - as well as post-Call for Proposals financing arrangements;provide details of the project's short- and medium-term environmental impacts, and undertake to publish certain data in open data format;justify the value of the commons in responding to the problem: experience of the promoters, size and dynamism of the community, description of the actions and deliverables envisaged, estimated cost/impact ratio of the commons, participation of the commons in the general interest, etc.guarantee the project's eligibility, in particular by ensuring the existence of a legal structure capable of receiving public funding. An innovative assessment methodIn addition to funding, ADEME saw the Call for Commons as a tool for developing the commons through the pooling of resources and experience. As such, each project wishing to apply for the Call had to complete a wiki, in order to make itself known to other applicants, so that similar initiatives could be grouped together and strengthened. Completion of the wiki also entailed a requirement for an exhaustive description of the commons, including the actors involved; the license under which the project will be shared; and the needs identified (excluding funding, in the first instance).At the same time, and based on this completion, each project owner was asked to carry out a self-diagnosis of his or her project to identify its level of development, by answering a series of predefined questions.In addition to this self-diagnosis to ensure that only relevant projects applied to the Call for Commons, ADEME mobilized an advisory team of experts in various aspects of the commons (legal, community, financing) to both support and evaluate applicants to the Call for Commons. This evaluation was carried out according to weighted criteria, the list of which was open and accessible to all via the wiki, for the sake of transparency, and took place in "waves" every three months, allowing projects to make the necessary modifications in the event that they had not been retained on the first application. Pooling at the heart of the systemAs we have seen, pooling is central to the Call for projects right from the application phase. ADEME's commitment to pooling resources and experience continues once projects have been selected, since they must commit to documenting their commons project, all deliverables, the approach adopted and the methods used, on the wiki, and to running 3 public workshops during the course of the projects, with the aim of publicizing their commons project, expanding their community and creating links between commons. In the same vein, project leaders are expected to share their projects under an open license, as part of a general interest approach to the commons. Numerous resources produced, shared or financedAt the end of this first Call for Commons, ADEME and the advisory team produced encouraging feedback. In addition to funding 25% of the 80 candidate projects, this first Call for Commons was an opportunity to produce and/or share resources that could be directly activated by the commons, beyond the Call for Commons itself: a commons library and a directory of players who took part in the Call, as well as a mapping of existing resources; but above all, all the documentation produced by the commons or the advisory team, shared in the wiki and under an open license so that it can be reused by any commons project. In addition to this pooling of resources across all projects, the Call for Commons has also led to greater pooling between projects. For example, the CRISALIM and FILECO commons were able to share skills with each other, while the Bio-Scène and Data Patch commons went one step further by merging, as they both belong to the same sector of activity: risk documentation.Moreover, the Appel à communs is also aimed at players who are not necessarily aware of the very concept of the commons. In this way, the Appel à communs is also a vehicle for acculturation to the commons as a mode of action and resource development. In addition, the implementation of the Call for Commons has also enabled ADEME staff involved to enhance their skills in relation to the commons. For example, 100% of ADEME experts surveyed who took part in the Call for Commons stated that maintaining and developing the commons was important to them in accelerating the ecological transition in their field. On the specific subject of territorial resilience, a wide range of tools were proposed by the commons, from methodological guides to software solutions and a serious game, all of which can be freely reused and modified by any interested parties. This diversity is reflected in the twenty or so projects selected in the three selection rounds, including :The FILECO toolbox, designed to support local food chain projects. It includes three tools:a collection of industry organization diagrams, giving an idea of the level of integration and cooperation within the industry, to enable the construction of a common language and various standard diagrams adaptable to a diversity of agricultural and food industries;simple technical-economic references on investments and expense items;a list of points to be aware of beforehand, to help a collective ask the right questions and plan a collective entrepreneurship model adapted to local needs. The Kit d'Alerte et d'Action pour la Résilience des Territoires (KAART), designed to alert local decision-makers to the resilience challenges facing their territories through differentiated shock briefs and a national and local appeal campaign. Le Diagnostic Mobilités, a methodological guide and open source tool for carrying out a first level of rapid standardized territorial diagnosis based on EMD and INSEE data, as well as on road traffic data when available from the national database, and applying it to different territories. The Resilience serious game, which aims to help local authorities wishing to embark on a resilience initiative to make the most of the many resources that could help them do so, but which remain scattered, little known and not very accessible. LocoMotion, a community that enables neighbors to share cars, cargo bikes and bike trailers, while promoting social ties and the emergence of communities less dependent on the individual automobile. Launched by Quebec non-profit organization Solon, it was joined by Mobicoop with the following objectives:enable its deployment in territories outside Quebec by reinforcing its robustnesspave the way for a first use case outside Quebec, with a car-sharing pilot project in rural areas run by Mobicoop.increase visibility Pas de vacance pour la vacance (No vacancy for vacancy), a web-based tool that enables long-term vacancy to be integrated into a circular development plan for the region, by enhancing the value of existing properties. La rue commune, a guide to help local authorities and city stakeholders develop a new standard for ordinary metropolitan streets - post-carbon and post-covid - based on a strong transition in mobility, and two levers for action: transforming the soil and transforming its uses. A few ideas for improvementThe first edition highlighted a number of areas for improvement formulated by the advisory team, of which inno³ is a member, for future editions. In particular, it was recommended to simplify the project appraisal phase and the contractualization required for funding. The co-construction of the challenges has also enabled us to identify and address issues faced by a large number of players. Secondly, by funding only shared projects under open license, the Call for Proposals ensures the development of projects that will spread and federate a large community, until they become standards. Finally, the Appel à commun brings together players from the same ecosystem, facilitating the pooling of existing resources and the subsequent development of cooperative ventures.As a result, the "Appel à communs" appears to be an extremely interesting tool for developing commons that will continue to evolve and develop outside the initial framework of the "Appel". Indeed, more than the essential funding of projects, the major advantage of the Call for Proposals as a new way for public players to participate in the commons is the dynamic of cooperation and pooling between players that it stimulates. One of ADEME's objectives with this first edition of the Call for Proposals was to create a proof of concept, in order to encourage the dissemination of the scheme and its adoption by other public players, notably AFD and ANCT, partners in this first edition.Involving a larger number of public partners, the IGN (Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière) and the ANCT, and in collaboration with the same consulting team as for the first edition, ADEME has launched a second edition dedicated this year to sobriety and resilience in territories.In addition to supporting commons projects, this second call for commons projects, following on from the first, has a number of complementary ambitions. These include training courses for ADEME staff, to encourage them to use and support commons projects. The Call for Commons should also enable the creation of a common knowledge base, consisting in particular of the contributions of each project to the wiki, as well as the training and support provided by the consulting team and made available on the same tool.Supporting and promoting the commons remains at the heart of the scheme, however. Thus, after evaluating the 25 eligible projects, the 1ᵉʳ survey of this second Call for Commons "Sobriety and resilience of territories" resulted in the selection by ADEME, IGN and ANCT of 6 winning commons: A second round of joint project selection is scheduled for November 24. If you have a project that could be eligible for funding, find out how to apply here.

The Youth Barometer, carried out by the Centre de recherche pour l'étude et l'observation des conditions de vie (CREDOC) on behalf of the Direction de la jeunesse, de l'éducation populaire et de la vie associative (DJEPVA), is an annual survey of 4,500 young people aged 18 to 30 in France and its overseas territories. Each year, the survey aims to capture young people's state of mind, their satisfaction with their current life and their outlook on their future prospects.The 2023 Barometer also looks at young people's civic involvement: volunteering, joining a political party or trade union, taking part in a demonstration or strike, participating in a public consultation, taking part in civil disobedience actions, signing a petition or defending a cause on the Internet, a blog or a social network. The new generations have multiple modes of engagement, and 2022 marked a return to pre-Covid behaviours, while 2020 and 2021 were marked by a decline in certain forms of engagement as a result of limited social interaction during the health crisis.In 2023, all forms of political and civic involvement are on the rise compared to 2022, with the exception of online involvement, observes CREDOC. While online engagement (petitions, blogs, social networks) remains the most widespread form of civic involvement among young people (40% of 18-30 year-olds), it will continue to decline (-4 points compared to 2022).This mode of engagement is slightly more widespread among 18-30 year-olds, than among the over-30s, 32% of whom have engaged online.Among 18-30 year-olds, the most educated are the most involved in this type of action: 43% of those with a baccalaureate or higher, versus 32% of those without a baccalaureate.Thus, the return to traditional forms of political engagement (joining a political party, taking part in a demonstration), already observed in 2022, is confirmed and continues. This downward trend in online citizen participation (the peak having been reached in early 2020, after 4 years of increase) "seems to confirm the hypothesis of a movement away from these forms of digital engagement after the over-investment of screens during the health crisis"." The rise in negative experiences linked to private publications on networks, noted in the 2022 digital barometer, probably also contributes to the stagnation of this mode of expression" comments CREDOC.

At a time when the volume of digital data is growing at a dizzying pace, a team of researchers in Montpellier is exploring new ways of reducing its energy impact with the Genesis project.The amount of digital data being created or replicated around the world is constantly increasing. This increase has repercussions on energy consumption: digital services account for between 6% and 10% of the world's electricity consumption. In France, this figure is estimated at 10%.It is therefore pertinent to examine the place of data centers at the heart of this digital economy. " These data centers, equipped with servers, switches, storage and cooling systems, provide storage and computing services, usually for companies or organizations (...) Centralizing data in these places makes it possible to provide reliable access to this data at lower cost for the entities accessing it", explains Abdoulaye Gamatié, Research Director at the Montpellier Laboratory of Computer Science, Robotics and Microelectronics (Lirmm): a joint research unit of Montpellier University and CNRS."On average, datacenters are only used 30% of the time, whereas they are constantly powered up," observes Abdoulaye Gamatié. "We need to ensure quality of service while maximizing utilization. This can be tricky, given fluctuating demand. An e-commerce site is more in demand in December than in August, for example. To respond to peaks, it must therefore agree to allocate a higher-than-average number of resources," says Gilles Sassatelli, Research Director at Lirmm.This steady rise can also be explained by the emergence of new services. First and foremost, video-on-demand. The proliferation of connected objects also plays a role.Reduce energy losses while using renewable energiesGiven that an increase in the number of services will automatically lead to an increase in traffic, what levers are available?"Current trends are pushing towards the deployment of service closer to usage (edge computing), which reduces data traffic on the global infrastructure".Another lever is the use of renewable energies. Integrated into datacenter plans for several years now, "this is often done with an accounting approach, by creating a photovoltaic park on an arbitrary site supposed to offset the datacenters' annual consumption".There's also the technological lever: "We can design computing architectures and memory technologies that are not exclusively silicon-based, which will consume less energy while offering increased computing performance. Other levers being studied include controlling server operating frequency, intelligent allocation of tasks to servers according to their nature, and virtualization.Observing data center practices, the Lirmm team found that "a significant proportion of infrastructure consumption was accounted for by components peripheral to IT functions. This led us to think about how we could drastically reduce energy losses while using renewable energies".The Genesis projectTo meet this challenge, the Lirmm team in Montpellier is proposing " a real paradigm shift: local computing units, themselves locally powered, and interconnected in a network so as to share data processing and storage, but also energy sources".Lirmm has developed several generations of prototypes, with the support of the Occitanie Region."The Genesis scientific approach aims to integrate energy into a distributed system; as a finite resource and managed in the same way as storage or computing capacity. In this scheme, energy is allocated and routed between units, like data. This concept has required research at the interface of computer science, embedded systems and power electronics to create software and hardware objects with these capabilities".First resultsThe Genesis project is based on a system of photovoltaic panels coupled to small data centers. Currently being evaluated on a small scale, Genesis is already achieving very encouraging results. " Thanks to calibrated modeling, using an experimental prototype installed at Polytech Montpellier, we have noticed that the ability to migrate both energy and data between computing units reduces energy from the power grid by 22% to 27% ".One of the scenarios developed by the scientists targets a Nantes district with 2,600 residents. Taking into account architectural constraints, it would be possible to cover 30% of the roofs with solar panels that directly power small data centers, thus partially meeting the energy consumption of local digital activity. Another scenario, in a Montpellier district, envisages covering up to 50% of roofs, which would fully meet local demand.The Lirmm team must now move on to a larger-scale prototype.

Experimenting with the energy balance of teleworkingTo measure the effects of telecommuting on energy consumption, ADEME (Agence de la transition écologique) and IFPEB (Institut français pour la performance du bâtiment) have launched an experiment as part of the sobriety plan. The aim: "to calculate the overall impact of telecommuting by measuring energy savings in transport and offices (particularly when closed), and the possible rebound effect of energy consumption in telecommuters' homes".A look back at 5 months of experimentationThis experiment concerns :10 buildings in different contexts (urban, suburban) and climatic zones;100 volunteer teleworkers.The consumption of office sites, agents' homes (electricity and gas) and their transport has thus been tracked, for the time being, from November 2022 to March 2023.Offices were closed at all 10 sites for 4 days on two occasions.Positive initial resultsInitial results show that the energy balance of telecommuting is positive, and even very positive when organized. When a site is closed for more than 48 hours, the overall potential is between 20 and 30% in energy savings over the course of a day.Energy savings on transport also play a key role in the overall balance. They are highly dependent on site location and commuting distance. For example, the experiment shows that energy savings are 2 to 4 times greater in regions outside Paris.Very low rebound effect in housingBased on the initial results of the experiment, the rebound effect of increased energy consumption in teleworkers' homes is 1.4 kWh for a day spent teleworking from home. Given that the average household consumes between 20 and 40 kWh per day, the rebound effect is between 3.5% and 7%.This rebound effect is very limited, particularly in view of the gains made on travel and offices.Continuation of the experimentIn order to refine the results, particularly for housing (behavioral aspects, reduced heating when unoccupied, etc.), and to specify any recommendations that might be given on the organization of telecommuting, the experiment will continue beyond the winter of 2022-2023 and on a larger scale.

While platform work is shaking up the wage-earning system, it does not appear to offer a more satisfactory employment model in terms of working and employment conditions. These are often marked by precariousness and inequality. In particular, while algorithms appear to be neutral intermediaries, they can turn out to be sources of discrimination.The difficulty of finding new employment models is mirrored by the difficulty of devising new social protection systems to ensure satisfactory risk coverage for workers.The Ministry of Labor's Direction de l'animation de la recherche, des études et des statistiques (DARES) has published the results of a conference on "Platform work and the uses of social protection", held in October 2022.Digital platforms: a heterogeneous world in continuous recompositionThe platform economy is often reduced to the term " uberization ".The emblematic figure of unskilled click workers, paid by the job, has masked the fact that "platform work" actually covers a wide variety of business models, activities and work situations.This diversity of business models, activities and work situations relates to :the nature of the services: from low-skilled micro-work to expert consultancy services, types of intermediation and matching: by ad, algorithm, network... ;organizational methods (cooperatives, freelancing, etc.) ;employment conditions: microenterprise, self-employment, salaried employment... ;the ways in which work is carried out: sometimes in places with defined working hours and durations, sometimes in workers' homes or third places, sometimes instantaneously, punctually or during interstitial periods.Competition and atomizationNevertheless, platforms tend to be part of an "on-demand economy", systematically seeking out the services best suited to customer requests.This competitive process, which (potentially at least) allows consumers to choose from a wide variety of proposals, "creates a form of market atomization, and gives competition law (which governs the purchase of services) a certain primacy over labor and social protection law, which are intended to govern employment relations".The way in which platforms organize the meeting of supply and demand, compared to other market intermediaries, "also materializes in greater individualization of workers while blurring the boundaries between salaried employment and self-employment".Platform work: between inclusive discourse and the risk of discriminatory practicesPlatform managers frequently emphasize the inclusive virtues of their structures, presenting them as objective intermediaries, as a means of developing activities for people far from employment.The reality, however, is often more mixed. " While the liberalization of the market in which they participate can limit direct discrimination (by opening up access to economic activity to certain categories of people), platform work can also reinforce systemic discrimination by allowing the expression of prejudices, behaviors and practices that have prejudicial effects, whether deliberate or not, on certain workers, according to their gender, social or ethnic origin".Workers with unequal resources in the face of working and employment conditionsInequalities between platform workers are also high when it comes to the actual exercise of their activity.Measuring the time workers spend on platforms is thus a central issue. "Some of the time devoted to platform work escapes measurement and therefore remuneration, such as the time spent by delivery drivers waiting for orders, the time spent by jobbers putting their proposed assignments online, monitoring the platform or other invisible, fragmented time, scattered into a multiplication of micro-tasks. For workers, these times represent a significant part of their activity, and are imposed by the platform. You have to be online or active to be identified and offered a service".What's more, the intensification of work, the multiplication of tasks and, ultimately, the encroachment on social time (family life, studies, leisure) can be such that life outside work and social relations are affected. "While some jobbers and students may see platform work as a way of organizing and controlling their time, their room for maneuver is more limited than it seems".In addition to time, other resources are needed to cope with the physical and psychological risks of platform work. "But these resources and the ability to mobilize them are unevenly distributed. They can be collective resources, when workers manage to form spontaneous collectives, as in the case of freelancers.These collectives provide support, advice and learning, and in some cases even enable forms of mobilization. "However, level of education, social and ethnic origins, and gender often determine the ability to benefit from support and assistance mechanisms.Responsibility and transfer of risk to the workerThe new forms of work organization generated by platforms confer a great deal of autonomy on the activity: " an autonomy that goes hand in hand with a sense of responsibility and a transfer of risk onto the worker".This has led to a transformation in the form and level of social security coverage."Indeed, the worker must assume the economic risk associated with the performance of the service, as well as the financing of his or her social protection if he or she is not an employee. Until now, legal action, as well as collective and trade union action, has had limited effect in bringing about changes in social law that are more favourable to them".Strategies to benefit from social coverage are developing but, in a more or less assumed way, they rely more on schemes backed by salaried employment than on social innovations in terms of status and social rights. "For example, to obtain resources and protection, some platform workers combine measures such as minimum social benefits, reduced activities and short missions, and the status of beneficiary of their spouse or parents".Some structures, such as CAEs and Scops (production cooperatives), allow their worker-members to have salaried status.Rethinking social protection systemsThe heterogeneity of the situations in which platform workers operate calls into question the ability of the various components of our social protection model to cover them adequately.The question concerns both the founding principles of social protection and solidarity mechanisms: " should social protection be universalized, with identical basic rights for all? Or should we extend the principle of social responsibility to platforms, at the risk of varying levels of protection? Should we then think about what collective rights should be for the self-employed?"

The TEEN LAB project aims to reduce school drop-out rates and promote the professional integration and social reintegration of young people in difficulty, who are no longer part of the training system and are unable to enter the world of work on a permanent basis (known as NEETs, "Not in Education, Employment or Training").Funded by the European INTERREG ALCOTRA program, the Teen Lab project was designed and delivered in France by the training organization Les Compagnons de la Tech, in close cooperation with Chambéry's municipal FabLab.In 2022, 40 young people from Chambéry and 60 young Italians benefited from a 10-week training course focusing on digital skills and "doing it yourself" : "a course designed to give young people a positive dynamic, build a professional project and enable them to acquire a base of digital skills".A large majority of the young people from Chambéry enrolled in the Teen Lab training program were in a situation of social isolation: isolation resulting from academic failure, relocation (from abroad or from a French town), isolation without family, or following a traumatic collective experience. " The training - even for some of those who dropped out - enabled them to find a place to socialize".The final report points to the difficulty learners have in keeping up the pace throughout the course: " difficulty in organizing themselves around a multitude of tasks, which can lead to a feeling of being lost, no immediately visible results, giving the impression of not making any progress, difficulty in projecting themselves over a more or less long period of time".However, two-thirds of those enrolled completed the course. These were young people who "were very much digital consumers, but had no real digital skills, and who nevertheless did very well". The majority of learners who completed the course attended 80% or more of the training time. "This attendance is an apprenticeship to meet a prerequisite for taking up a profession: getting up and keeping to timetables". At the end of the program, 65% of trainees had gone on to further training, study or employment, or had a solid personal project to develop (15 trainees wished to resume their studies or training, and 10 had projects or wished to experiment in order to develop their project: internships, civic services, going to Canada, personal project, testing a sector of activity).

What's it all about?Proactive administration reverses the usual administrative logic: rather than waiting for the user at the counter, the administration can, on the basis of the information at its disposal, anticipate the user's needs, rights and obligations. In this way, the administration can remind users of upcoming deadlines, notify them of rights they may be entitled to and show them how to assert them, or even one day grant them their rights without waiting for their request.The notion ofproactive administration lies at the crossroads of three recurring themes in public policy:Simplification: proactive administration follows on from the "Tell us once" program, which avoids the need for citizens to provide information or supporting documents already held by administrations, by relying on automatic data sharing.No access to rights. Whereas it is usually up to people to submit an application, which must then be processed, here it is the administration that informs people of their potential eligibility for aid and benefits, without waiting for them to take any action.Going towards: spontaneous notification by the administration of eligibility for certain rights, or automated access to certain benefits, are also, as the Défenseur des droits observes, "part of what is known as 'going towards' : a keyword that is now an essential part of the policies implemented in the name of access to rights and public services, designed in particular as a response to the failures of dematerialization".Work on "proactive administration " has several facets: technical, with data exchanges between administrations and dedicated developments; legal, in particular to deal with consent; and operational, with a wide variety of systems:Proactive error detection ;No need to declare, as long as the administration has all the information;Detection by cross-referencing data of people eligible for certain rights and pre-filling of forms: revenu de solidarité active, prime d'activité, aide personnalisée au logement ;Automatic payment of assistance or benefits without any prior action: energy vouchers, back-to-school allowance, school grants.Among its 12 proposals for guaranteeing the "last mile" of public policies, the Conseil d'État recently recommended the widespread use of "tell us once ". A legal and technical foundation for proactive administrationThe "Tell us once" approach laid the technical and legal foundations for proactive administration. By doing away with the need to collect and analyze supporting documents from users, and by supplementing files with information retrieved "at source" from the administration of reference and therefore more reliable, the aim was to avoid citizens and businesses having to provide information or supporting documents already held by other administrations when applying online, by relying on the automatic sharing of data between administrations via APIs (programming interfaces).Implemented in 2014 for businesses, the "Tell us once" principle was extended to individuals in 2018 with the "Law for a State serving a society of trust". A decree in January 2019 defined the technical and organizational framework relating to information and data exchanges between administrations. The Digital Department (DINUM) then set up a "tell us once" counter with tools serving the circulation and exploitation of data: a single access point to the administration's APIs(Api.gouv.fr) and hubs for individual data(Particulier.api.gouv.fr), business data(Entreprise.api.gouv.fr ) and geographic data(Geo.api.gouv.fr).The "Tell us once" logic has entered a new phase with the law on differentiation, decentralization and deconcentration (known as the 3DS law) and two decrees published on May 11, 2023. Article 162 of this law further facilitates the exchange of information between administrations. Previously, each API had to be mentioned in a decree, submitted to the CNIL. From now on, openness is the rule. The first decree organizes data exchanges between administrations "when these are necessary to process declarations or requests submitted by the public, to inform people of their rights to a possible benefit or advantage, and to allocate said benefits or advantages where applicable". A second decree specifies the list of administrations that will have to share their data to enable the implementation of this proactive administration, as well as the nature of the information to be shared.A system governed by the CNILIn a deliberation dated October 6, 2022, the CNIL notes that data exchanges between administrations "help to simplify administrative formalities for users when their purpose is to exempt users, whether individuals or legal entities, from having to provide the same supporting documents several times". It notes that data collectedin this way " will not be used or reused for the purposes of 'detecting or punishing fraud'". Proactive administration in action: first achievementsAutomatic payment of energy chequesGeneralized in 2018 to replace the social energy tariffs, the energy voucher is a means-tested aid paid to pay energy bills, buy fuel and carry out certain energy-related work. The cheque is nominative, i.e. the name of the beneficiary is indicated on the cheque. The energy voucher is intended for people of modest means. Each year, the tax authorities draw up a list of beneficiaries based on the household's reference tax income (RFR) and household composition determined in consumption units (UC). The energy voucher is sent automatically by post to the last address given to the tax authorities.Proactive error detectionIn the summer of 2019, the Caisse Nationale d'Allocations Familiales (CNAF) launched a nationwide spontaneous regularization campaign, enabling Cafes to target certain beneficiaries and invite them to report, even belatedly, a marital situation or the receipt by a dependent child of a salary exceeding 55% of the SMIC. And all this without risking a financial penalty (whereas a conventional inspection would have resulted in a penalty for fraud). The scheme was first tested for several months in Paris, before being rolled out across the country. The French tax authorities are deploying similar measures to combat tax evasion. Thanks to the more reliable Nominative Social Declaration (DSN), Urssaf can more easily detect material errors made by employers, which could have an impact on their social security contributions, thanks to more efficient data cross-referencing. They can then correct them by notifying the employer if necessary.Around 2 million errors have been proactively detected since 2019, including 75,006 thanks to the automatic search for inconsistencies between data, identified by URSSAF, with an online tool to facilitate the calculation and collection of social security contributions from employers (déclaration sociale nominative).Automatic granting of complementary health insurance for RSA beneficiariesThe French Social Security Financing Act for 2022 has made it easier for many recipients of minimum social benefits to access complementary health insurance. As a result, since February 2022, new RSA beneficiaries have benefited from an automatic allocation of complementary health insurance. In concrete terms, people who submit their RSA application online via the dedicated teleservice are systematically offered complementary health insurance at the end of this process. Unless they object, they and members of their household will then be entitled to it, provided they meet the conditions for RSA eligibility.Automatic payment of inflation compensationThe inflation allowance is an exceptional, individual aid of €100 paid to 38 million people living in France, to preserve their purchasing power in the face of sharply rising energy costs. From December 2021, the €100 inflation allowance has been paid automatically to people earning less than €2,000 a month, without them having to apply for it.Automatic intermediation of alimony paymentsSince March 1, 2022, child support payments set by a judge have been paid automatically by the CAF or MSA. This new public alimony service was set up to prevent late payments and unpaid alimony, protect single-parent families in precarious situations and simplify the daily lives of separated parents. From January 2023, the system will be extended to all out-of-court separations, as soon as a child support payment is due.Secondary schools: automating the allocation of scholarships to familiesFor the start of the 2024 school year, once enrolment at collège and lycée has been completed, families will have no further steps to take, and no supporting documents to submit, in order to obtain and renew scholarships throughout their school career(7th Interministerial Committee for Public Transformation). Proactive administration and access rightsAs a result of the complexity of the social benefits system, non-use is a massive phenomenon with major social consequences.A number of recent studies on various social benefits show that non-use frequently exceeds 30% in France. This is the case for the RSA (34% non-use) and the minimum old-age pension (50% non-use for single people).Dematerialization complicates access to rightsNumerous studies point to dematerialization as one of the factors hindering access to rights.The Conseil national des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion (CNLE) refers to the sometimes "degraded" way in which administrations operate, with complex procedures, very few opportunities for physical contact, and increasing pressure to use online procedures.For theObservatoire de l'éthique publique (OEP), while " dematerialization is, in some respects, an additional guarantee of continuity of public service " (by making it possible to carry out procedures anywhere and at any time), it also brings with it, on the other hand, " an increase in the technical complexity of administrative procedures and technological dependence, likely to create new disruptions ".A study carried out in 2021 by Secours Catholique and Odenore found that " to access and maintain their rights, increasing demands are now being placed on recipients, who are being encouraged to demonstrate digital autonomy. They must have an e-mail account and know how to use it, keep logins and change passwords regularly, log in to update their file... So many 'implicit conditionalities' outside the law, which can cause difficulties and non-use for those who have not mastered digital skills"." Formerly perfectly independent when it came to dealing with administrative formalities, many recipients of social benefits are now confronted with social services that are only accessible online. A survey report commissioned by the Hauts-de-France Regional Department of Youth, Sports and Social Cohesion (DRJSCS) concludes that " the rate of non-use of social services is likely to increase for this precarious population, which is less equipped and less skilled in digital interaction than the rest of the population".A coordinating committee for access to rightsA Coordination Committee for Access to Rights was set up on January 30, 2023 by the Minister of Solidarity. Its mission will be to monitor the Territoires zéro non-recours (zero non-recourse territories) experiment, and then to build the vast reform of solidarity at source."Solidarité à la source ": a first step towards simplifying procedures from 2024 onwardsThe "solidarity at source " project will enable people to find out which benefits they are entitled to, regardless of which "social counter " they go to. This source reform will ultimately take place in two stages:The first, starting in the second half of 2024, will involve a massive simplification of the administrative formalities required to qualify for solidarity benefits: initially the RSA and the prime d'activité. The aim is to draw inspiration from the logic of the pre-filled tax return, to do away as far as possible with figures to search for and supporting documents to gather. RSA and prime d'activité application and renewal forms will be pre-filled with information declared by companies, and recipients will simply have to validate them. Thanks to the pooling of income data held by the various funds and administrations, data mining work can be carried out: people who are potentially eligible but not making use of the system can be identified, then contacted and invited to assert their rights.The second stage of "solidarity at source " involves rethinking the parameters of solidarity benefits, to harmonize their resource bases.The Conseil d'Etat, in its report on the "last mile " of public policy, recommends that there should be only two types of resource base:a first for all family and RSA benefits;a second for tax-based resources. Promises and risks of proactive administrationA symposium devoted to the non-use of social benefits, organized by the DREES research department of the French Ministry of Solidarity, explored the " side effects " of automated social benefits.A first difficulty lies in the ability of algorithms to integrate complex situations: it is precisely the most precarious people who often have the most complex administrative files, due to changes in their employment, housing or family situation. For these people, automation could generate a need for support. Another difficulty arises from the method of calculating the monthly resources system (DRM), which underpins the solidarity at source project. Daniel Agacinski, Délégué général à la médiation auprès de la Défenseure des droits, warns of the risk of a "black box" effect. black box " The difficulty is "not having the possibility of entering this DRM to change and rectify errors".In a chapter of its 2021 annual activity report, devoted to the " promises of proactive administration ", the Défenseure des droits notes, like the CNIL, that "the information (...) thus collected (...) may not subsequently be used for other purposes, in particular to detect and punish fraud".According to the Défenseure des droits, "the lasting effects of automating the calculation and payment of certain benefits are questionable. On the one hand, automation does not rule out malfunctions, as we have seen since the introduction of the energy voucher or the recalculation of housing benefit. On the other hand, we run the risk of further erasing public services, and losing their relational dimension, which is so fundamental to the role these services play in fostering social cohesion and the sense of legitimacy that each and every one of us can feel when claiming and asserting our rights". Next step: "Ten moments in lifeThe 7th Interministerial Committee for Public Transformation, meeting on May 9, 2023 at Matignon, decided to implement a new simplification method based on 10 "life moments": I' m becoming a student, I'm establishing my identity, I'm leaving-I'm living-I'm returning from abroad, I'm renovating my home, I'm losing a loved one, I'm becoming a parent, I'm voting, I'm getting involved in community life, I'm moving house, I'm retiring.For the year 2023, priority is given to five of these ten moments in life: I'm becoming a student, I'm establishing my identity, I'm leaving-I'm living-I'm returning from abroad, I'm renovating my home, I'm losing a loved one.

As every year, the back-to-school circular from the French Minister of Education describes the priorities and new features that will come into effect from September onwards: reinforcement of media and information education, which will include " knowledge of rights and duties in the digital space and of the risks linked in particular to the use of social networks ", and "development of digital skills (...) with the roll-out of "Pix sixième" to all collèges".In addition, 2023 will see the implementation of the Digital Strategy for Education 2023-2027, published last January. This strategy has since been translated into a technical doctrine, based on a platform approach.With a view to reinforcing teacher training, a specific Pix, called " Pix+ Édu ", has been tested in a number of regions to prepare for the future introduction of digital skills certification for teachers.Faced with the challenges of digital education, the French Ministry of Education plans to extend the digital awareness certificate ("Pix 6e") for 6th graders throughout France.With the advent of portable devices, high-speed Internet access and e-learning platforms, the question arises as to the future of computer rooms. Educational communities and local authorities (responsible for the digital equipment of schools) are faced with a number of challenges: the high cost and maintenance of computer rooms, limited mobility for students and teachers, changes in learning methods, the integration of technology into ordinary classrooms... Digital strategy for education 2023-2027In January 2023, the French Ministry of Education released a digital strategy for education 2023-2027. The ambition of this document is to define the strategic vision of digital for education in France, for the period 2023-2027 "It aims to get the players to agree on a common vision, on unprecedented transformations, which will be to lead and succeed together."In particular, the authors of the strategy note that "unequal access to digital technology " This can create difficulties for people who are digitally excluded or who have great difficulty accessing it. "This can create difficulties for people who are digitally excluded or who have great difficulty accessing it. (...) These difficulties of access to digital technology create inequalities in learning and place the issues of digital inclusion and equal access to the public digital education service at the forefront".They also point to " a degraded user experience ". " Teachers, students, families or all education staff report difficulties in using the digital tools offered by the education ecosystem: complex and heterogeneous interfaces, unattractive, sometimes far removed from standards, unequally accessible and hardly adapted to mobility, lack of portability, data requiring multiple re-entries, connection breaks between tools, insufficient performance (...) These obstacles are all the more difficult for users to overcome as they are offered a significant proliferation of digital tools and resources without their uses being clarified, nor their access facilitated".The Digital Education Strategy for 2023-2027 aims to address several challenges:Strengthen national and local cooperation between education players, around pedagogical projects mobilizing digital technology where relevant;Developing students' digital skills;Provide teachers with a clear offer, combining digital tools and resources to put digital technology at the service of student success;Develop the robustness, security, accessibility, quality and eco-responsibility of the Ministry's IT tools, to simplify the work of its employees and thus enhance the quality of the service provided. A 4-pronged strategyThe strategy is based on 4 axes, each with several key actions.An ecosystem committed to a shared public policy:Strengthen governance of digital education at national and local levels ;Share indicators for steering and evaluation purposes ;Define typical individual student equipment (middle and high school);Digital education that develops citizenship and digital skills;Ensure the acquisition of digital skills throughout the school career ;Enable students to become informed citizens in the digital age.An educational community supported by a reasoned, sustainable and inclusive digital offering:Supporting the development of digital commons;Simplify access to digital services by creating a "resource account";Putting digital technology at the service of inclusive schools;Better training for educational teams in digital teaching methods.Supporting teachers in digital education:Organize digital educational services around an interoperable platform ;Mobilizing data for the school.New rules for a ministerial information system at the service of its usersAccelerating digital transformation;Increase efficiency by expanding and supporting pooling;Improve fluidity and quality by integrating the principles of agility and user experience;Developing eco-responsibility.To achieve all these objectives, the Ministry of Education intends to renew its partnership with local authorities, which "provide material resources such as infrastructure and terminals, install and maintain them, and increasingly finance teaching resources ". This partnership will have to " take account of technological developments, notably the omnipresence of cloud-hosted solutions, hardware (smartphones, tablets, laptops, interactive and immersive media), and the emergence of ENTs (digital workspaces). We also need to understand the "out-of-school" dimension of digital education. This new partnership needs to be forged at different levels - academies and regions, academic departments and départements, inter-municipalities, basins and communes". Supporting the development of digital commonsThe digital strategy devotes a chapter to the "digital commons". By this it means "a set of digital resources produced and managed by a community. By their very nature, they are shared and collective". It mentions several tools available to teachers:The apps education.fr service platform, which provides collaboration and communication tools such as " virtual classrooms " and video-agents, as well as file-sharing and video-publishing tools hosted on French infrastructures.The Éléa platform, based on open-source Moodle software, which enables teachers to create and share open educational resources and scripted digital learning paths for their students.The "Magistère" platform, which provides teachers and all Ministry staff with a wide catalog of online training resources."This first version of the national offering will be enhanced according to a roadmap agreed with all players, local authorities and EdTech companies."Teachers, particularly at NSI or SNT, are waiting for a "forge" that would enable them to collaborate with peers and share computer code. The Ministry has announced the availability of a forge that is technologically sovereign and shared nationwide. A technical doctrine for digital educationFollowing on from the strategy, in May 2023 the French Ministry of Education published a " technical doctrine for digital education ", "to establish a framework of common architecture and rules, aimed at providing users with a legible and structured set of simply accessible and interoperable educational digital services".Towards an open, interoperable ecosystemThis technical doctrine takes into account the accelerated growth in the use of digital educational services in the 1st and 2nd degrees since 2020. "More and more are being used, not only for administrative purposes and to keep track of schooling, but also for pedagogical activities and to implement educational missions. The logical corollary is a consequent increase in the use of services, which requires both perfect control of data and an open, interoperable ecosystem".A platform logicThe idea is for the State to guarantee " every player in education equal access to and simple use of digital services in a secure, open and interoperable ecosystem, for the purposes of implementing learning within the framework of the programs and skills repositories of the Ministry of National Education ". To this end, "digital education must be developed according to a platform logic, in the sense of a set of players respecting an architecture framework and common rules and standards, to provide users with a legible and structured set of services that are easily accessible and interoperable (...).) The public education service thus gains in agility, enabling users and companies in the digital education industry to benefit from innovative services, but also in sovereignty, by excluding any solution that does not respect the rules laid down, particularly in terms of ethics and data protection".Lastly, the technical doctrine refers to three standards currently being drawn up, dedicated to interoperability, security and digital responsibility requirements, which are intended to be enforceable by law". Pix+ Édu: towards certification of teachers' digital skillsAlmost all education staff use digital technology to prepare their lessons ( Profetic 2018 survey).Only 16% of primary school teachers and 29% of secondary school teachers feel well or very well prepared for its use in their initial training(Cnesco 2021 study).With a view to strengthening teacher training, a specific Pix, called " Pix+ Édu ", has been tested in a few territories to prepare for the future introduction of the Pix+ EDU certification of teachers' digital skills.This self-assessment course enables teachers to take stock of their level of mastery of digital skills for teaching, and to access online training resources.Pix+ Édu covers transversal and professional digital skills, differentiated for 1st and 2nd grade. It takes the form of questions, with recommended tutorials. A digital awareness certificate starting in 6th gradeFaced with the challenges of digital education and, in particular, to raise awareness of the fight against cyberbullying, hate speech and illicit online content, the French Ministry of Education plans to extend the digital awareness certificate to all 6th graders.Nearly 110 volunteer middle schools experimented with it during the 2022-23 school year.In 2023-2024, " Pix 6e " will be extended to all middle schools.Pix 6ème gives rise to a certificate guaranteeing that pupils have benefited from this awareness-raising program. It includes a specific "protection and safety" pathway, which targets 4 skills:securing the digital environment ;protect personal data and privacy ;protecting health, well-being and the environment;prevent cyberbullying.Since the 2021-2022 school year, Pix has been generalized from the 5th grade onwards, with compulsory digital skills certification for students in 3e at collège and Terminale at lycée général, technologique et professionnel.

Nearly 5.5 million people live in the 1,514 priority urban neighborhoods (quartiers prioritaires de la politique de la ville - QPV) in mainland France and its overseas territories.In quick succession, several studies and surveys have been carried out to identify the digital practices of residents in these neighbourhoods:In its sixth reportthe Observatoire national des politiques de la ville (ONPV) takes stock of the vulnerabilities and resources of priority neighborhoods: it devotes a detailed chapter of the report to the digital practices of residents in priority neighborhoods, drawing on the Capuni survey conducted in 2019 of 7,500 people.Cahiers du développement social urbain devotes a special issue to dossier (over twenty contributions) to the digital practices of residents in priority neighborhoods, particularly in terms of access to employment and training.In this article, Richard Nordier reports on a survey carried out for the Metropole de Lyon on how these people use the Internet when looking for a job, an internship or training. He points to "practical" difficulties (having a computer, knowing how to use a keyboard with ease, etc.) but also "psychosocial difficulties: being afraid of doing something wrong or making a mistake, underestimating or overestimating one's real abilities, being demotivated after receiving numerous rejections or no response".Of a completely different nature is the Data & Quartiers" program " program, which aimed to build a bridge "between two universes that didn't know each other: that of urban policy and that of data". With the support of the Agence Nationale de la Cohésion des Territoires (ANCT), the Data & Quartiers" program " program has experimented with new tools and new uses for data that are more frequently deployed in inner-city areas as part of "smart city" projects.Compas, a consultancy specializing in the social observation of territories, has undertaken to evaluate the proportion of platform workers living in a priority district: According to this studyAccording to this study, 24% of delivery drivers working in France live in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Similarly, nearly one in five (19%) of the 52,700 VTC drivers in operation at the time live in a disadvantaged neighborhood. The proportion of drivers living in a priority district is four times higher than that of all workers.As part of the 5th edition of Numérique en Commun[s], held on September 28, 2022 in Lens (Pas de Calais), a contributory workshop examined digital inclusion issues specific to priority neighborhoods. For its participants, " digital must permeate all city contracts, as a transversal pillar and not as a specific axis. While this choice runs the risk of dilution, it creates shared requirements for allcity contract stakeholders, and a genuine common culture ".This dossier looks in more detail at these studies and surveys, to give an overview of the subject. What digital practices do residents of priority urban districts use?In 2019, 87% of QPV residents aged 18 to 59 in mainland France were equipped with a smartphone (compared with 91% of residents in mainland France), 75% with a home computer (compared with 89%) and 48% with a tablet (compared with 54%).In its sixth report, the Observatoire national des politiques de la ville (ONPV) sixth reportprovides a summary of various studies and surveys on the theme of vulnerabilities and resources in QPVs.The ONPV devotes a detailed chapter of the report to the digital practices of residents in priority neighborhoods.It is based on the Capuni survey conducted in 2019 of 7,500 people.Researchers from the M@rsouin Scientific Interest Group have compared the responses of residents of disadvantaged urban neighborhoods with those of residents of surrounding urban units (usually metropolises and urban communities) and those of the general population.Read more. Job hunting in the working-class neighborhoods of the Lyon metropolitan area: dematerialization, but at what cost?Richard Nordier reports, in Cahiers du Développement Social, on a survey carried out for the Metropole of Lyon on the uses made of the Internet by people living in priority urban districts when looking for a job, an internship or training.In terms of digital autonomy, young people clearly stand out from other groups. "They suffer more from difficulties specific to the job market than from problems with computers. The other groups are much less at ease with the Internet, and even less autonomous with digital tools".Online applications are relatively common among young people, employees on integration schemes and long-term RSA recipients. Women show a clear preference for sending applications by post. In all cases, hand-delivered applications are frequently preferred for a variety of reasons: to find out directly where a company is located, to ensure that your application has been received, to demonstrate your motivation, to clear up any misunderstandings... Using e-mail is also often problematic, as is using search engines. Many people find it difficult to remember their login details or to formulate key words.More broadly, concludes the author, the difficulties encountered by audiences are of two kinds:Practical": having a computer, knowing how to use a keyboard, searching for information on the Internet without getting lost, downloading and sending your CV, finding job offers that match your project... ;psychosocial: being afraid of doing something wrong or making a mistake, underestimating or overestimating one's real abilities, being demotivated after receiving numerous rejections or no response"...All our customers consider that they can get help if they need it: children (especially if they're at school and have a computer), spouses, neighbors or members of the same community are frequently cited first."Although useful, they don't always provide an effective response to the problems encountered. Support professionals are another important source of help: social workers, Pôle emploi or local mission advisors, digital trainers or specialized associations. In many cases, these two channels are mobilized in parallel, and are extremely useful in removing obstacles". Data & Neighborhoods: When big data serves neighborhoodsFor 3 years, the RésO Villes association set out to build a bridge "between two universes that didn't know each other: that of urban policy and that of data".With the support of the Agence Nationale de la Cohésion des Territoires (ANCT) and the experts at CIVITEO, the Data & Quartiers" program " program has been experimenting with new tools and new uses for data that are more frequently deployed in central districts as part of "smart city" projects.The main objectives of the program were to▪ Using "datascience" tools to benefit priority neighborhoods;▪ Improving knowledge and observation of neighborhoods thanks to data ;▪ Understand and explain these new tools, these new data, these new uses ;▪ Document the methodology to encourage duplication of experiments.The projects carried out on the themes of employment, health and mobility, with the support of private and public partners, have enabled us to consolidate a methodology and acquire certain convictions about the role of data in urban policy.Read more. Digital technology and employment in priority urban districts: when inequalities intersectCahiers du développement social urbain devotes a special issue to dossier (more than twenty contributions) to the digital practices of residents in priority neighborhoods, particularly in terms of access to employment and training.The first part of the dossier documents the situation of inhabitants of priority neighborhoods when it comes to digital inequalities.The second part offers insights into how public policies are tackling the issue of digital transition, particularly in the field of professional integration. "The aim is to show what responses have been put in place, from the national to the local level, to help local residents make the digital transition to employment.The third part looks at the employment opportunities offered by digital technology: "Can digital technology be a support, a response, not only to facilitate access to employment, but also to create jobs?Read more VTC drivers and delivery drivers over-represented in working-class neighborhoodsAccording to Compas, a consultancy specializing in the social observation of territories, the proportion of platform workers living in working-class neighborhoods is higher than that of other workers.On January 1, 2022, of the 179,200 delivery drivers operating in France, one in four (24%) lived in a priority urban district (QPV)3. Similarly, of the 52,700 VTC drivers in operation on that date, almost one in five (19%) live in a QPV. The proportion of drivers living in a priority district is four times higher than that of the workforce as a whole.Generally speaking, observes study author Hugo Botton, "it's in the neighborhoods most marked by economic fragility (poverty, inactivity, unemployment, part-time work) that there are the most delivery workers. Thus, the neighborhoods with the highest proportion of delivery workers are those which, in order, have a high proportion of immigrants, a high poverty rate, a low proportion of households with a car, are located in an EPCI (metropolis or intercommunality) characterized by a high presence of managers and many young people (18-24 and 25-39)".Similarly, the neighborhoods with the most drivers among workers are located in a densely populated EPCI with a high proportion of managers, a high proportion of immigrants, a high proportion of car-owning households and a high poverty rate.This over-representation of platform workers in working-class neighborhoods underlines the role these neighborhoods play in the local economy, concludes the author of the study. " Working-class neighborhoods are not all inactive or unemployed, as some caricatured views would have us believe. In fact, in 2020, 40% of people employed in QPVs were in occupations on the "front line of Covid-19". NEC: What role will digital mediation play in working-class neighborhoods after 2023?As part of the 5th edition of Numérique en Commun[s], held on September 28, 2022 in Lens (Pas de Calais), a workshop examined digital inclusion issues specific to priority neighborhoods.For the participants in this workshop, while digital inclusion and mediation actions are de facto present in a large number of city contracts, and while "ordinary law" public policies have been deployed (national strategy for inclusive digital, 150 "Fabriques de territoires" in QPVs, France service digital advisors...), institutional consideration of digital inclusion is still weak: it "is not yet contractually present in the city contract, and has neither objectives nor a suitable nomenclature"."Urban policy often calls for thematic approaches. If digital inclusion is to be conceived as a cross-cutting public policy, some of the challenges of urban policy call for specific responses that involve mobilizing the know-how of digital mediation players to complement the action of players already present".For the working group, "digital technology must permeate all city contracts, as a cross-cutting pillar and not as a specific axis. While this choice runs the risk of dilution, it creates shared requirements for all city contract stakeholders, and a genuine common culture that is necessary in a context where digital technology has become a total social fact".In addition, the working group "demands that digital technology be perceived as a resource (capable of empowering players) and not just as a problem (that of digital inequalities)".Enfin, " it calls for this pillar to benefit from a specific diagnosis and ongoing monitoring, both by project leaders and by city contract steering committees".