As of July 2019, the Digital Society Program of the National Agency for Territorial Cohesion (ANCT) proposes through its Digital analysis and deciphering laboratory to provide a critical look at the ethical and social challenges of the digital world, the legal issues surrounding the digital commons and public innovation, and the development of territories and digital inclusion. In this context, Inno³ regularly shares articles presenting digital commons projects initiated or joined by local authorities and/or administrations. Whether French or international, these projects highlight the growing importance of this type of resource development in the digital policies of local authorities and public administrations. Whether exploring the approaches from the point of view of local authorities or collaborative projects, the studies aim to understand and analyze the legal and economic issues of the commons.
Open Street Map is the largest open and collaborative map database in the world. It is improved every day by more than one million contributors. In the context of the Digital Society Lab's contributory approach, we asked ourselves several questions: what is the importance of the role of OpenStreetMap for public actors? How to encourage the use and contribution to OpenStreetMap by these same actors in the future?
Do not hesitate to share with us any past, current or future work or thoughts on the subject, in order to support this reflection. In terms of methodology, several interviews were conducted (with representatives of the French OpenStreetMap community, an administration and a local authority), allowing the construction of the frame of a questionnaire shared at OpenStreetMap users and ANCT networks. All related data are available on the ANCT opendata platform.
Opened between September 16 and October 16, 2020, the questionnaire collected contributions from 68 respondents, including 44 from 42 The other respondents were from associations or SMEs with a strong activity around OpenStreetMap. The questionnaire focused on the perception and vision of OpenStreetMap by its users; the current uses of OpenStreetMap; and expectations and prospects for involvement in the project community.
1 - The vision of OpenStreetMap by the public actor
On the 44 public actors responding, two thirds consider the use of Open Street Map as strategic, half evaluating it as important (in volume) to their organization. This disparity in the importance of OpenStreetMap in volume as well as in strategic importance in the activities of public actors is corroborated on the qualitative level by the diversity of uses that are made of it. Indeed, OpenStreetMap can be used for the needs of GIS (Geographic Information System) specialists as well as for the edition of maps allowing the visualization of public services.
A more detailed analysis of the different ways in which public actors use Open Street Map would seem to be useful in order to better evaluate its strategic importance for public actors and to remove potential obstacles to its use.
Defining OpenStreetMap with their In their own words, the respondents emphasized the aspect of It is also a part of the dynamics of the free and common good, as well as of the Open Data movement. Less unanimous, the nature of the OpenStreetMap project is not so obvious: a mapping tool for some, a database or even a "map wikipedia" for others. This plurality of approaches does not reflect a lack of clarity about what OpenStreetMap is, but rather a project definition in depending on the uses to which they are put, or even as a function ofhe motivations that preside over these uses. Thus, the definition of OpenStreetMap according to its users is certainly more a function of the uses it carries than of the functionalities it offers.
Greater awareness of OpenStreetMap among public actors would encourage their use and contribution to the project
2 - Motivations for using OpenStreetMap
The responses collected show that the use of OpenStreetMap proceeds as much from a dictated decision by the organization (33) that an choiceindividual (30). In the public sector, this decision is more dictated by the organization (60%). Two thirds of the uses would concern internal purposes of the organization, only one third of the mentioned uses would concern the provision of services to users.
In general, the survey responses show that the use of OpenStreetMap by public actors allows, on the one hand, their users to benefit from a good visualization of the territory and the services offered there; and, on the other hand, to have access to an up-to-date and reliable database, under conditions that allow for the reuse, enrichment, and interoperability of the data (in particular, to feed their internal GISs, as well as for data related to the major themes of the public service, as detailed below (3.1.)).
The Open Source and Open Data dimension of the project is a justification in itself from the use of OSM for 85% of respondents (only 77% for the public sector). Other justifications put forward, in decreasing order: ease of use and visualization, completeness of the database (for two thirds of public and private respondents), guarantee of data sovereignty and free access (for half of both public and private respondents), and the obligation of Open Data (put forward by only 30% of the local authorities concerned).
The different motivations identified in the questionnaire responses could be further explored in order to objectify them and support the current dynamics.
The interest of Open Street Map to meet the obligations of Open Data of the communities seems to require a specific deepening.
3 - The uses of OpenStreetMap
3.1 - The diversity of uses of OpenStreetMap
In addition to the use of powering the internal GIS, the The great diversity of uses observed groups together several major themes when we look at focus on the public sector : the It is also interesting to note that some uses have appeared in response to the confinement or in support of an ecological transition policy. It is also interesting to note that some uses have appeared in response to the confinement or in support of a policy of ecological transition.
Internally, OpenStreetMap is mainly used to feed GIS tools or to check and complete the administration's own databases.
On the other hand, the contributions that public actors make to the commons - when they make them - are linked to the use they have of it, since for the most part it is a question of adding and/or updating data useful to their uses (43/44 respondents to the question).
Finally, we also observe that public actors mobilize OpenStreetMap for training, mediation and animation purposes, both internally and for the public.
L'The analysis could be usefully complemented by feedback from users on the benefits they derive from the use of OpenStreetMap by the public actor.
L'The analysis could be usefully complemented by feedback from users on the benefits they derive from the use of OpenStreetMap by the public actor.
3.2. Links with local communities
In terms of the relationship between public users and the project OpenStreetMapit would appear that the links are established in a privileged way with thees The project's local communities (associations and businesses in the area working with OpenStreetMap), whether on the basis of regular exchanges (participation in boards of directors, general assemblies, one-off events, informal exchanges) or through the use of training services provided by the community.
The links can also be materialized by a relay of the community's communication by the public actor, or even by the loan of premises. It should also be noted that many respondents express a desire to do more in terms of collaboration with local communities.
A study of the various virtuous relations existing or to be imagined between OSM and the user public organizations would be useful and beneficial to public policies based on the use of the project.
3.3 - Use of competing solutions
Despite the strong commitment of respondents, the majority continues to use solutions alternatives such as Geoportal and Google Maps. These uses compensate for a lack of OpenStreetMap, whether in terms of completeness or reliability of data, additional services (e.g., routes), answers to a specific need, or simply because their partners or clients prefer these solutions. Thus, it can be noted that the use of these solutions is not so much competing as complementary to the use of OpenStreetMap by public actors.
A national vision of the benefits of the use of OSM at a local scale would allow to efficiently orient the actions of decentralized actors.
It will also be interesting to observe the changes in the uses of the various solutions that could result from the opening of IGN data as of January 1, 2021.
4 - Perspectives
The image of the project and the community is very good in the communities and administrations that responded to the survey. Several ideas were put forward by respondents to encourage the use of the project, including: being able to synchronize the organization's internal repository with the OpenStreetMap database, so as to avoid double entry; being able to base certain services directly on the OpenStreetMap database. Respondents also noted that actions could be useful to facilitate contribution, first of all through training, reinforcing documentation and enriching it with tutorials and examples. Similarly, awareness-raising among managers and decision-makers to the interest of using OpenStreetMap by the public actor is necessary.
Concerning the involvement of the public actor in the OpenStreetMap community, it is especially recalled a lack of time and resources at the level of each actor.
A work of animation and mutualization could be carried out in order to optimize the use of OSM by public actors. The needs listed by the respondents could be developed and completed in order to feed a list of needs common to public (and private) organizations using OSM.
Given the recent opening of the IGN data at 1er January 2021, a study could be carried out concerning the possible articulations allowing to optimize the use of both data sources.
The use and contribution to OpenStreetMap by the public actor
As of July 2019, the Digital Society Program of the National Agency for Territorial Cohesion (ANCT) proposes through its Digital analysis and deciphering laboratory to provide a critical look at the ethical and social challenges of the digital world, the legal issues surrounding the digital commons and public innovation, and the development of territories and digital inclusion. In this context, Inno³ regularly shares articles presenting digital commons projects initiated or joined by local authorities and/or administrations. Whether French or international, these projects highlight the growing importance of this type of resource development in the digital policies of local authorities and public administrations. Whether exploring the approaches from the point of view of local authorities or collaborative projects, the studies aim to understand and analyze the legal and economic issues of the commons.
Open Street Map is the largest open and collaborative map database in the world. It is improved every day by more than one million contributors. In the context of the Digital Society Lab's contributory approach, we asked ourselves several questions: what is the importance of the role of OpenStreetMap for public actors? How to encourage the use and contribution to OpenStreetMap by these same actors in the future?
Do not hesitate to share with us any past, current or future work or thoughts on the subject, in order to support this reflection. In terms of methodology, several interviews were conducted (with representatives of the French OpenStreetMap community, an administration and a local authority), allowing the construction of the frame of a questionnaire shared at OpenStreetMap users and ANCT networks. All related data are available on the ANCT opendata platform.
Opened between September 16 and October 16, 2020, the questionnaire collected contributions from 68 respondents, including 44 from 42 The other respondents were from associations or SMEs with a strong activity around OpenStreetMap. The questionnaire focused on the perception and vision of OpenStreetMap by its users; the current uses of OpenStreetMap; and expectations and prospects for involvement in the project community.
1 - The vision of OpenStreetMap by the public actor
On the 44 public actors responding, two thirds consider the use of Open Street Map as strategic, half evaluating it as important (in volume) to their organization. This disparity in the importance of OpenStreetMap in volume as well as in strategic importance in the activities of public actors is corroborated on the qualitative level by the diversity of uses that are made of it. Indeed, OpenStreetMap can be used for the needs of GIS (Geographic Information System) specialists as well as for the edition of maps allowing the visualization of public services.
A more detailed analysis of the different ways in which public actors use Open Street Map would seem to be useful in order to better evaluate its strategic importance for public actors and to remove potential obstacles to its use.
Defining OpenStreetMap with their In their own words, the respondents emphasized the aspect of It is also a part of the dynamics of the free and common good, as well as of the Open Data movement. Less unanimous, the nature of the OpenStreetMap project is not so obvious: a mapping tool for some, a database or even a "map wikipedia" for others. This plurality of approaches does not reflect a lack of clarity about what OpenStreetMap is, but rather a project definition in depending on the uses to which they are put, or even as a function ofhe motivations that preside over these uses. Thus, the definition of OpenStreetMap according to its users is certainly more a function of the uses it carries than of the functionalities it offers.
Greater awareness of OpenStreetMap among public actors would encourage their use and contribution to the project
2 - Motivations for using OpenStreetMap
The responses collected show that the use of OpenStreetMap proceeds as much from a dictated decision by the organization (33) that an choiceindividual (30). In the public sector, this decision is more dictated by the organization (60%). Two thirds of the uses would concern internal purposes of the organization, only one third of the mentioned uses would concern the provision of services to users.
In general, the survey responses show that the use of OpenStreetMap by public actors allows, on the one hand, their users to benefit from a good visualization of the territory and the services offered there; and, on the other hand, to have access to an up-to-date and reliable database, under conditions that allow for the reuse, enrichment, and interoperability of the data (in particular, to feed their internal GISs, as well as for data related to the major themes of the public service, as detailed below (3.1.)).
The Open Source and Open Data dimension of the project is a justification in itself from the use of OSM for 85% of respondents (only 77% for the public sector). Other justifications put forward, in decreasing order: ease of use and visualization, completeness of the database (for two thirds of public and private respondents), guarantee of data sovereignty and free access (for half of both public and private respondents), and the obligation of Open Data (put forward by only 30% of the local authorities concerned).
The different motivations identified in the questionnaire responses could be further explored in order to objectify them and support the current dynamics.
The interest of Open Street Map to meet the obligations of Open Data of the communities seems to require a specific deepening.
3 - The uses of OpenStreetMap
3.1 - The diversity of uses of OpenStreetMap
In addition to the use of powering the internal GIS, the The great diversity of uses observed groups together several major themes when we look at focus on the public sector : the It is also interesting to note that some uses have appeared in response to the confinement or in support of an ecological transition policy. It is also interesting to note that some uses have appeared in response to the confinement or in support of a policy of ecological transition.
Internally, OpenStreetMap is mainly used to feed GIS tools or to check and complete the administration's own databases.
On the other hand, the contributions that public actors make to the commons - when they make them - are linked to the use they have of it, since for the most part it is a question of adding and/or updating data useful to their uses (43/44 respondents to the question).
Finally, we also observe that public actors mobilize OpenStreetMap for training, mediation and animation purposes, both internally and for the public.
L'The analysis could be usefully complemented by feedback from users on the benefits they derive from the use of OpenStreetMap by the public actor.
L'The analysis could be usefully complemented by feedback from users on the benefits they derive from the use of OpenStreetMap by the public actor.
3.2. Links with local communities
In terms of the relationship between public users and the project OpenStreetMapit would appear that the links are established in a privileged way with thees The project's local communities (associations and businesses in the area working with OpenStreetMap), whether on the basis of regular exchanges (participation in boards of directors, general assemblies, one-off events, informal exchanges) or through the use of training services provided by the community.
The links can also be materialized by a relay of the community's communication by the public actor, or even by the loan of premises. It should also be noted that many respondents express a desire to do more in terms of collaboration with local communities.
A study of the various virtuous relations existing or to be imagined between OSM and the user public organizations would be useful and beneficial to public policies based on the use of the project.
3.3 - Use of competing solutions
Despite the strong commitment of respondents, the majority continues to use solutions alternatives such as Geoportal and Google Maps. These uses compensate for a lack of OpenStreetMap, whether in terms of completeness or reliability of data, additional services (e.g., routes), answers to a specific need, or simply because their partners or clients prefer these solutions. Thus, it can be noted that the use of these solutions is not so much competing as complementary to the use of OpenStreetMap by public actors.
A national vision of the benefits of the use of OSM at a local scale would allow to efficiently orient the actions of decentralized actors.
It will also be interesting to observe the changes in the uses of the various solutions that could result from the opening of IGN data as of January 1, 2021.
4 - Perspectives
The image of the project and the community is very good in the communities and administrations that responded to the survey. Several ideas were put forward by respondents to encourage the use of the project, including: being able to synchronize the organization's internal repository with the OpenStreetMap database, so as to avoid double entry; being able to base certain services directly on the OpenStreetMap database. Respondents also noted that actions could be useful to facilitate contribution, first of all through training, reinforcing documentation and enriching it with tutorials and examples. Similarly, awareness-raising among managers and decision-makers to the interest of using OpenStreetMap by the public actor is necessary.
Concerning the involvement of the public actor in the OpenStreetMap community, it is especially recalled a lack of time and resources at the level of each actor.
A work of animation and mutualization could be carried out in order to optimize the use of OSM by public actors. The needs listed by the respondents could be developed and completed in order to feed a list of needs common to public (and private) organizations using OSM.
Given the recent opening of the IGN data at 1er January 2021, a study could be carried out concerning the possible articulations allowing to optimize the use of both data sources.