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Since the first edition of Numérique en Commun[s] (NEC) in 2018, the Digital Society Program - and in particular the Digital Society Laboratory - and inno³ have been collaborating to produce resources and tools dedicated to the appropriation of the commons in an open and collaborative approach :The " Tutorial to the Digital Commons ", initiated at NEC 2018 and completed for NEC 2019;The " Le Commun numérique et sa ressource " tool sheet, the result of a collaboration between Praticable, the Société Numérique program, Fréquence École and inno³ carried out during NEC 2020 ;The " Panorama of the digital commons ", initiated in support of the NEC 2021 workshops;The " Canvas for the Governance of the Digital Commons ", produced as part of NEC 2022;and the most recent, a Canvas dedicated to the economic dimension of the commons, detailed below, produced in support of NEC 2023. What is the Commons Model Canvas?The Commons Model Canvas is both a method and a guide for digital commons project leaders, to help them think through the specific aspects of the commons: defining governance, dealing with economic issues, organizing the framework for collaboration, and so on.In the course of our work on the appropriate legal structures for structuring the digital commons, the question of the economic models for these commons regularly came up as the main concern of project leaders. The Commons Model Canvas completes the Canvas for the governance of the digital commons, published in 2022, by materializing the concepts attached to the digital commons dimension. Its aim is to enable the definition of an economic model for the commons, and a related business model for the parties involved in its maintenance and development. Indeed, the problem of the economic model of the commons, and the business models that can be envisaged for the stakeholders, has been raised among commoners for years. In particular, inno³ has been able to support several projects in defining their business model, either directly at the request of these projects, or on behalf of institutional players wishing to provide support for specific projects (Ademe's Call for Commoners, ANCT's Call for Expressions of Interest "Tooling digital inclusion players", or IGN's Geoplatform project). Many projects have fed into our experience: iTowns, La Rochelle Territoire Zéro Carbone, LaCollecte.tech, Soliguide, XSalto (now Alpilink), etc. What makes up the Commons Model Canvas?Available in paper or digital versions, it is a set of self-contained resources that can be assembled to facilitate a variety of situations, from individual reflections to team workshops.This tool, initiated at NEC 2022 with the Commons Governance Framework, enables digital commons projects to better understand and articulate the complexity of the economic stakes of commons projects in relation to their business models and the stakeholders involved.To facilitate the workshops, we have produced a "kit" consisting of :A user's guide containing a range of resources, tips and examples. A number of resources for further exploration of the issues raised, to make it easier to put them into action.A series of 3 cards to help you grasp and materialize all the issues (economic and governance, indicated by pictograms) underlying the digital commons. These cards are double-sided, to mirror the issues raised by each stakeholder (front) and those of the community (back).Sheet 1 - "Presentation and Mission" (green): provides an overview of each stakeholder.Sheet 2 - "Convergence of actions" (blue): describes the contribution of each stakeholder, the resources they mobilize, and the rules of governance established within the community.Sheet 3 - "Projecting onto a common model" (red): allows you to take a step back and project towards predetermined timeframes (6 months, 2 years or 5 years) by articulating scenarios on a multi-dimensional action plan.A set of two canvases that can be completed independently of each other and according to the needs of the workshop:A " framework for the governance of digital commons" to summarize the rules of governance, the structure and representation of the project community, articulated by actions and indicators.A " canvas of the economic stakes of digital commons" to synthesize the business models of each stakeholder in a digital commons, in order to map out what each puts in and what each receives.The Commons Model Canvas may be supplemented in the future, depending on the needs of project developers.This kit drew on all inno³'s expertise (legal, design), a bibliography of grey literature and the organization of focus group discussions. Our approach also drew on a more global design approach at inno³ through game design. You can access all the following resources:The "Governance of the digital commons" canvas and the "Economic challenges of the digital commons" canvas make up the Commons Model Canvas,Cards to help you complete the canvas,Documentation in booklet form to help you run the workshop,An outline and ODP format sheets to facilitate completion in an online workshop,Source files for all content in SVG format. How to run a workshop using the Commons Model Canvas?This kit is initially designed to be used in a face-to-face workshop format, with a plurality of profiles gravitating around an identified digital commons project, and a printed version of the booklet. However, we are making available documentation enabling it to be carried out remotely in ODP format.When running a workshop, we recommend using the following outline:Stage 1 - Immersion: This stage introduces the various digital commons projects and forms the groups.Step 2 - Exploration: This step enables you to fill in all the double-sided sheets included in the kit.Each card has a specific color for easy recognition.They contain questions with annotation fields to be completed as the discussion progresses (it is advisable to complete the cards in order).The cards can be completed individually or collectively, depending on the needs of everyone around the table during the workshop. The community section of the cards can be completed by all project stakeholders.Stage 3 - Convergence: The summary of actions and the elements completed on the cards will be entered on the two templates provided. The answers entered on the forms will feed the canvas. It is therefore advisable to fill in the forms before completing the canvas.The governance framework focuses on the governance elements of a digital commons project.The business model canvas enables you to map out your business model, in a way that complements those of other community stakeholders, in order to build an economic model that is sustainable for the community and viable for stakeholders.The recommended workshop time will depend on a number of factors, such as the number of participants, the objectives set and the context. In any case, you should generally allow between 2 and 3 hours to complete all the materials (worksheets and canvas). Mobilizing the Commons Model Canvas at NEC 2023For this latest edition of Numérique en Commun[s], inno³ led a workshop entitled "Take charge of (and challenge) inno³'s digital commons support kit". The aim was to introduce and enable participants to take charge of the Commons Model Canvas, a tool designed to help digital commons holders understand and manipulate the necessary concepts, and to project themselves onto a sustainable common economic model. The large number of participants in this workshop shows the importance of the need for common carriers, whether private or public, to have specific tools to support them in structuring and developing their project.The participants were divided into four groups, each devoted to an existing commons developed by one of the members. This common was used as a case study to ensure that the framework would be easily understood and used by the players for whom it was intended.The workshop showed that the Commons Model Canvas addresses most of the issues raised by the participants, in a format that is particularly well-suited to the task, making it easy to learn and complete collectively. However, a number of irritants were raised: information to be requested; vocabulary to be adapted; design to be reworked from time to time; and so on.This feedback is invaluable, because the Commons Model Canvas, like all the resources resulting from the collaboration between the Digital Society Laboratory and inno³, is intended to be the fruit of collective work. This is why you can now download the Canvas in its version shared with NEC, under a CC-By-SA 4.0 license, so that you can make use of it and make any modifications you wish. How to contribute to the kit ?The "Common Model Canvas" Kit is shared under a free CC-by-SA 4.0 license. This means you can adapt it to the specific features of your project, making it the most relevant tool possible.If you'd like to be involved in future developments, or simply to be kept informed, please contact us at commonsmodelcanvas@inno3.fr.Don't hesitate to let us know about your experiments and re-appropriations at the same address.You can also access and contribute to all our content via our Gitlab. If you complete one of the two frameworks and/or the associated sheets, don't hesitate to share this content with us via the Gitlab so that it can be added to the "Examples" folder.

Bringing social professions out of the crisis of meaning and attractivenessThe White Paper on Social Work (314 pages), submitted to the French government by the Haut Conseil du Travail Social (HCTS) on December 5, 2023, takes stock of an unprecedented crisis in social work: serious recruitment difficulties, staff turnover, disaffection with training among the younger generation. "This deterioration is a warning of the state of emergency affecting the sector. It is also leading to a decline in the quality of support and services provided to the public.The first chapter deals with working conditions and the attractiveness of organizations. The second deals with the professional practices and approaches needed to meet today's social challenges. The third deals with the challenges of initial and continuing training. Finally, the fourth chapter looks ahead to the conditions that will make our professions attractive in the face of ecological, demographic and digital transitions. The HCTS makes 14 recommendations along these lines (below).While 90% of the 1.3 million social workers are women, the authors of the White Paper have chosen to refer to them in the feminine plural. Digital, between potential and loss of legibilityWhile digital technology is "a working tool with many potentialities ", the dematerialization of administrative procedures contributes to this loss of meaning and attractiveness, by generating "sometimes uncontrolled processes, a source of additional workload".Following on from the HCTS's work on digital transformations in professional practices in the social professions (Why and how social workers are seizing digital tools in 2018), the White Paper looks at digital from three angles:The difficulties of supporting people in a context of dematerialization ;The growing importance of reporting activities for social workers;The foreseeable upheavals in the social professions linked to the development of Artificial Intelligence. "To the administrative millefeuille is added a millefeuille of digital tools, each developing its own logic".As the White Paper points out, the proliferation of service platforms and the need to go through them can distance vulnerable people from access to their rights: "social workers play a relay role in developing the digital autonomy of the people they serve. To do this, they need to be able to link up with the network of local players who can help them acquire these skills or access other services".If "the new professionals are comfortable with the computerization of their practice... the replacement of physical offices in organizations by "self-service" areas, where interaction with an agent becomes ad hoc, raises the question of how to manage the illegitimacy of the public".Following in the footsteps of the Défenseur des droits, the HCTS advocates maintaining physical counters alongside digital services. "People experiencing difficulties with the dematerialization of administrative procedures need to be supported and accompanied. They need a relationship that is above all human, understanding and non-judgmental. Training courses for digital helpers, who are invited to work with social action professionals, also include the relational dimension of assistance and the assessment of requests".Dematerialization also exposes professionals to all kinds of difficulties, such as the need to "navigate between different services, in support of the people they accompany (...). In many situations, they no longer have any contacts outside digital platforms (...). Communication methods can become a time-wasting factor, to the detriment of supporting the person's life project"."For a number of professionals, the dematerialization of procedures is synonymous with a loss of legibility, to such an extent that helping the public to decipher administrative procedures has become a mission in its own right. (...) For each situation, it is now necessary to spend a considerable amount of time understanding the elements of the file with the operators concerned, and trying to resolve the difficulties that block the system (identifiers, e-mail addresses, absence of a contact person...). Professionals don't always know how to navigate the often unintuitive platforms. The administrative complexity added to the computer logic leads people in difficulty to multiply their requests for appointments.While digital technology, as a working tool, offers many potential benefits (a source of valuable information on the people we support, the ability to access more reliable resources than in the past, sharing spaces to enhance and capitalize on innovative practices, mutual support forums), its acceleration is also leading to a proliferation of evaluation and monitoring tools. "To the administrative millefeuille we have added a millefeuille of digital tools, each developing its own logic".In this respect, the White Paper regrets " the absence of a single application subject to national standards to manage such processes, leaving a proliferation of diverse systems that do not always consider the consequences of their implementation".The White Paper stresses the importance of adapting ongoing training to the difficulties faced by professionals. It also points to the difficulty faced by facility managers "in identifying the capacity of software to meet needs (...) It would be useful to designate referents within facilities to facilitate the translation of digital tools into the reality of activity". From reporting to data-driven management"Social workers are finding that they are spending more and more time responding to numerical orders and filling in indicators. These activities are seen as time-consuming and meaningless. However, it is imperative that public policy management be based on robust data that can be rapidly mobilized.The White Paper recognizes the importance of data sharing (reinforcing the "tell us once" principle ), with the aim of achieving interoperability between systems enabling unique identification and sharing of personal data in compliance with the RGPD, developing the ability of organizations to directly query these aggregated databases, and extending the automated allocation of certain rights to beneficiaries (see the Labo Administration proactive dossier: what are the issues, risks and prospects?)."However," adds the White Paper, " it remains necessary to remain cautious in the face of the risk of overestimating the capabilities of digital tools for business management. This tends to overemphasize numerical analyses and ignore contextual approaches". Preventing upheavals linked to the development of Artificial IntelligenceRapid developments in artificial intelligence are raising questions about the evolution of professional practices. While it can help social services to identify potential beneficiaries or make decisions to reach out to them, based on the collection of relevant case management data, "there is a lack of reliable data to provide a legal and ethical framework for the use of artificial intelligence in decision-making with and for vulnerable groups"."Datamining and deep learning (the massive, automated use of data to extract information about behavior) are allies in the provision of services and the fight against non-use, provided they are integrated into a strict legislative framework and the ethical and deontological foundations supported by professionals".The White Paper recommends a study anticipating the use of artificial intelligence in this sector. The aim is to adopt "a proactive attitude on this subject, in order to avoid the negative impacts of digital development in social work practices and for the people supported". Recommendations of the Haut Conseil du Travail SocialEnhancing salariesInitiate dialogue on the subject of management ratiosRe-examining funding methods for social and medico-social structuresAffirming the fundamentals of social work adapted to today's challengesDeveloping the governance of skills and professionsLong-term recruitmentChanging work organizations through different types of managementSupporting career pathsConsolidating the career paths of students and traineesDistinguishing between access to the law and social supportImplement a global communications strategy for business linesHarnessing the full potential of the digital transitionInvesting in the ecological transitionStrengthening the place of social work in public debate

A commitment to sharing and opennessIn July 2022, the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (MESR) inaugurated the Recherche Data Gouv portal , an ecosystem for sharing and opening up scientific research data. To support researchers in this process, Recherche Data Gouv is deploying an ecosystem of services to help prepare and disseminate research data throughout France, as well as a system for publishing and reporting research data. The recherche.data.gouv.fr portal will be the research data version of data.gouv.fr."When 50% of research work is publicly funded, data must be shared at the very least, and opened up at the very best," says Isabelle Blanc, ministerial administrator of data, algorithms and source codes at MESR, who heads up the Research Data Gouv ecosystem.One year after its launch, themulti-disciplinary Data Gouv Research Warehouse was hosting over 2,000 datasets, corresponding to 36,000 data files, either fully open or shared with restricted access when required by the nature of the data. Some 288,500 files had been downloaded since July 8, 2022. CNRS Research Data: an example of the Research Data Gouv data warehouseWith the CNRS Research Data warehouse, opening in June 2023, CNRS enables scientists to publish their data from CNRS-supported research. It offers a generic main collection, and laboratories can request to create specific collections.A commitment to open up all data is also one of the criteria used by French and European funding agencies to assess projects, and most publishers now require that the data linked to a publication be accessible.The priority: supporting scientists"Opening up data is more complex than opening up publications: research teams are required to carry out additional scientific work as far upstream as possible, when designing their project, and this cannot be entrusted to third parties," explains Isabelle Blanc. This means being able to describe the instruments, conditions and protocols used to produce and collect the data.Indeed, according to a survey by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, between 2018 and 2020, 80% of research communities lacked either support or infrastructure.Support has become a central element of the system, taking priority over the development of a technical solution. In 2023, 19 data workshops mobilized more than 350 people from 80 establishments.CNRS is a partner in numerous data workshops, which are the entry point for scientists. It also contributes to the deployment of national resource centers, such as OPIDoR - a portal set up by Inist-CNRS, a pioneer in the development of data management plans - and DoRANum, which offers resources and training to support the scientific community in data management and sharing.By 2025, the HAL open archive developed by CNRS should also offer a service for directly depositing the dataset associated with a publication and making it accessible from Recherche Data Gouv.Recherche Data Gouv aims for European recognitionThe Research Data Gouv steering committee is preparing several applications for 2024 to bring the national platform closer to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) project.

A well-calibrated training offer?In the digital professions, employers are reporting major difficulties in recruiting the people they need, to the point where this is holding back their growth. The Institut Montaigne estimates that, in the digital sector, "845,000 people need to be trained between 2023 and 2030, and at least 130,000 per year by 2030. However, in 2022, only 70,000 people had joined the digital professions. This means that training provision will have to double by 2030".In " Métiers 2030 ", the French Ministry of Labor's statistics department, DARES, put the figure at 35,000 for IT engineers by 2030."What is the situation? Is the training offer really insufficient? How can it be better adapted to companies' needs?This is the question that Michel Schmitt, member of the Conseil général de l'Économie, sets out to answer in the magazine Gérer et comprendre, by summarizing the main conclusions of work carried out by three general inspectorates: the IGAS (Inspection générale des affaires sociales), the IGESR (Inspection générale de l'éducation, du sport et de la recherche) and the CGE (Conseil général de l'Économie). This work takes up and updates a report that already analyzed the needs and supply of training in digital professions in 2015.After pointing out the methodological difficulties involved (scope, multiplicity of nomenclatures used to list digital professions, rapid evolution of professions), the author presents, with data and graphs, the situation of the labor market in digital professions, analyzes " the capacity of the training offer to generate adequate breeding grounds " and proposes a few avenues for a forward-looking vision. A shortage of digital skills ...In 2022, the digital sector will require 1.26 million jobs, of which 40,000 will be unfilled, representing a vacancy rate of 3%: "higher than the national average of 2.5%, but lower than the most highly-tensioned professions, which are close to 3.6% (health, construction, etc.)".In terms of trends, this need grew strongly between 2017 and 2021, but now seems to be levelling off. The pool to meet these needs is 1.31 million professionals, due to the high volume of jobseekers registered in digital-related professions.In terms of employment trends in the digital sector, we're seeing stagnation between 2021 and 2022, which is also reflected in job vacancies, which have fallen by over 30% between 2022 and 2023.... real but probably overestimated"If we compare the 40,000 vacancies with the 90,000 jobseekers, the situation appears less alarming than the figures put forward and the feelings expressed by most players in the sector would suggest. The existence of very high staff turnover, fuelled by deleterious competitive practices between recruiters, undoubtedly contributes to a feeling of tension that is partly disconnected from reality". Michel Schmitt also observes, among other factors of tension, the development of freelance activity, with a significant proportion (around a quarter) of jobseekers combining registration with Pôle emploi with self-employment. What's more, while a proportion of jobseekers and returnees could meet their needs, "companies are keeping their sights firmly set on young people with initial training".While the number of jobs created in the digital professions will probably exceed the 160, 000 forecast by France Stratégie between 2019 and 2030, Michel Schmitt is reassuring: "A significant proportion of the growth in the digital sector seems to be due to the transformation of pre-existing jobs, rather than to net job creation. The challenge therefore seems to be to develop the skills of professionals who keep their jobs (which companies seem to be doing quite well, given the flows that have been transformed in recent years)".A globally relevant training offering that lacks suitable candidatesWith regard to the ability of the training on offer to generate useful breeding grounds, the author observes that the catalog of offers is "sufficiently diverse to offer all those who have the capacity to do so, a chance to qualify for a job in the digital sector... Initial and continuing training flows, for the time being, seem likely to meet the needs of demographic renewal and growth in the sector. However, a downturn in apprenticeships would have unforeseen repercussions.Lack of appeal for digital careers in both high school and higher educationIn addition to the number of training courses, there is the question of the associated pool, i.e. the number of people trained and the fill rate for these courses.At lycée, in 1ère générale, only 6.8% of students chose the NSI (Numérique et sciences informatiques) speciality from among the three they were required to choose. Only 49%, or 3.4%, went on to the final year. The feminization rate is 16%. In the final year, only 3.4% of students are enrolled in digital specialties.In higher education, current training courses are generally not filling up. Among engineers, 17.5% have a degree in digital technology. Lastly, for masters courses with a digital-related specialization, some 6,700 students are enrolled in M2, which is declining, with a fill rate of only 60%."These figures are rather worrying, as they show a lack of attractiveness in the digital sector. It's going to be difficult to redress the balance in the short term, as the number of Bac+5 graduates in 2030 is currently in second place..."Continuing training courses that are either non-existent or too shortThe digital professions benefit from their culture of self-education and the strong involvement of companies in updating skills. The author notes, however, that "continuing training is either non-existent or too short to bring people who are changing careers and who have the capacity to do so up to engineer level. For those already at this level, acquiring a second, solid digital skill through long-term training would enhance their employability and support the transformation of organizations, in the same way as MBAs provide additional management skills".Michel Schmitt concludes by suggesting that the approach initiated by France Stratégie in its 2017 study Vision prospective partagée des emplois et compétences should be reinstalled on a permanent basis, "enriching it with tools developed by the Grande école du numérique and the CARIF-OREF network, and data conversion analysis techniques using artificial intelligence".

Digital technology in the lives of EuropeansAccording to a new Eurobarometer survey, four out of five Europeans believe that digital technologies are becoming increasingly important in their daily lives, and that Europe"should take more steps to ensure a successful digital transformation".A very large majority (79%) of Europeans surveyed believe that digital technologies will be important in their lives by 2030 (81% in France, +2 points). While the expectations of French respondents are broadly in line with those of other Europeans, they are slightly more reserved about the contribution of digital technologies to remote working (-3 points below the European average), access to training and education (-3 points) and, above all, participation in democratic life (-8 points).What improvements can be made to facilitate the use of digital technologies?Another set of questions focused on improvements that could facilitate their use of digital technologies. French expectations in this area do not differ significantly from those of other Europeans.The French more reserved about the effectiveness of European cooperation in the digital fieldIn this survey, the European Commission also wanted to measure how Europeans perceive the effects of cooperation between EU member states in the digital field. In general, French respondents seem to place less importance on cooperation between member states, whether it's increased investment in more innovative and secure digital technologies (-8 points), ensuring that the same digital technologies and services are available to everyone, everywhere in the EU (-5 points), ensuring that European businesses can grow (-6 points), or guaranteeing that digital technologies respect European fundamental rights and values (-5 points).The French less confident in the EU's ability to protect citizens' rights in the digital environmentOnly 50% of Europeans believe that the EU protects citizens' rights in the digital environment: this figure drops to 39% in France.A final set of questions concerned the application of digital rights and principles in each member state. Here again, the French stand out as they believe that digital rights and principles could be better applied.The gap with other Europeans is -11% for "enjoying privacy protection online", "enjoying fair and healthy working conditions in the digital environment " and " having access to safe and privacy-friendly digital technologies ". It is -9 points for "ensuring safe digital environments and content for children and young people".A Eurobarometer survey carried out in 2017 already revealed that the French were less enthusiastic about the prospects opened up by digitization and automation.In September 2023, the European Commission published the first progress report on the Digital Decade, an action program focusing on four issues: digital skills, digital infrastructure, digitization of businesses and digital public services.

Parliamentary workOn the occasion of an information report on the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), the French National Assembly's Finance Committee takes stock of INSEE's open data policy.In application of the Digital Republic Act of 2013, " from now on, all INSEE information and data may be reused freely and without charge, including for commercial purposes... The provision of results and databases is systematically accompanied by all the metadata, including documentation, necessary for their proper use, in contrast to the practice organized by some private companies not necessarily delivering their metadata."The Insee website has recorded 30 million visits in 2022 (up 16% on 2021)."Through focus groups and user surveys, the website is being transformed, notably with the development of "datavisualization" and improved accessibility and readability of statistics (improved information location and navigation, full html versions available for all publications in addition to pdf versions, data fully accessible for download)".The parliamentary information report points out that "the open data policy has resulted in a net loss of revenue for INSEE, which has been fully compensated by the State".While INSEE continues to add to its data offering by opening APIs (programming interfaces), the Finance Commission's report regrets that some APIs are restrictive. It mentions the expectations of the research community and civil society players, such as theOuvre-boîte association, who are calling for a " more complete opening up of open data ". Insee data catalog in beta versionIn order to promote access to its open data offering, INSEE has developed a new data catalog, providing a variety of search and consultation functions. This catalog is currently available in beta version."The data published in the catalog are not updated as frequently as those on the INSEE website, and in the event of any discrepancies in content, the INSEE website will be the reference". At this stage, the stabilized version of the catalog is scheduled for release in mid-2024.

Dynamic momentumOver the past 18 months, several initiatives have been launched to open up public data:implementation of ministerial roadmaps on data policy;a tracking table now allows you to follow the opening of new public datasets, algorithms, source codes and APIs;the redesign of the data.gouv.fr portal;the creation of a " datalab " within the Interministerial Digital Department (DINUM), which will help accelerate data projects by providing material, technical, human and legal support;the opening of a funding window to co-finance data-related projects in government departments;the introduction of a data catalog at Insee, offering a wide range of search and consultation functions.However, this drive to open up public data also highlights the challenges of discoverability and standardization.Discoverability: how to easily identify relevant datasets? To facilitate data searches, the Etalab department, which runs the data.gouv.fr platform, is working with data producers to compile as complete a list as possible of existing databases and datasets on certain key themes.Whether the aim is to simplify access to data in a specific field, around a public policy, or to organize a sectoral ecosystem of data, we are seeing the emergence of platforms and portals that bring together open data around themes such as research data, with the portal Recherche.Data.Gouv.fr, cartography (with the Cartes.gouv.fr project ), the ecological transition, with the Ecosphere(s) project, local information and statistics (with Open Collectivités) or territorial data on the job market (with Data Emploi).Standardization: the use of open formats is not enough to ensure widespread re-use of data. Data sets must also be standardized. Despite initiatives by the French government (such as schema.gouv.fr), OpenDataFrance(Socle commun des données locales) and the Conseil national de l'information géolocalisée, standardization of open data is far from the norm. Each territory relies on its own specificities and semantics, which hinders interoperability not within systems and infrastructures, but between them.The European Commission, for its part, is giving new impetus to the opening up of public data, with a regulation that lists the six categories of "data (high-value data sets) " that public-sector players will have to make available free of charge, and specifies how they are to be disseminated. France leads Europe in opening up public dataThecomparative study commissioned by the European Commission on the maturity of open data in the various member states (Open Data Maturity in Europe 2022) puts France in first place (with a maturity score evaluated at 97%).Countries were assessed on four dimensions: policy and legislation, data portals, impact of openness and data quality. In terms of openness policy, France scored 96%, compared with the European average of 86%.In terms of data quality, France scored 93%, compared with a European average of 77%. On the basis of its scores in all four dimensions, the report places France (along with eight other countries) in the group of "trendsetters". Data.gouv.fr: 47,000 datasets and 153.4 million resources downloaded47,000 datasets are available on Data.gouv.fr, the national open data platform, from 4,900 organizations.Data.gouv.fr recorded 54.2 million visits in one year (between December 2022 and December 2023). The platform's 112,900 users downloaded 153.4 million resources. Data.gouv.fr reports 3.7 million reuses.Long-awaited data sets have been published for 2022 and 2023:Indexes of social position (IPS) in schools, collèges and lycées, which give an idea of pupils' social status based on their parents' professions and social categories(Ministry of National Education and Youth);The register of condominiums, which provides technical and legal data on condominiums(Agence nationale de l'habitat);The national building database (BDNB), which maps and qualifies existing buildings (residential and tertiary)(Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment);The rent map, which contains indicators of advertised rents at commune level(French Ministry of Ecological Transition);Polling stations and voter addresses, by Insee ;Aggregated election data;"Rent map" - Indicators of advertising rents by municipality in 2023.From January 1, 2024, Météo-France will make all its public data available free of charge. On this occasion, the thematic platform meteo.data.gouv.fr was also launched, with the aim of creating a platform for referencing, hosting and distributing the public meteorological data produced by Météo-France. Who are Data.gouv.fr users?Data.gouv.fr's user survey provides a snapshot of the current profile of the data.gouv.fr community:26% claim to have advanced data processing skills;38% consider themselves to have an intermediate level;25% identify themselves as novices;7% declare they have no skills at all.Concerning the use of the platform :60% of respondents visit data.gouv.fr to download and use data;30% to find information quickly (although data.gouv.fr is a platform for raw data, not information);10% to publish data or view activity on their datasets. Redesign of data.gouv.frIn response to the difficulties encountered by users in finding data when searching, the data.gouv.fr team has undertaken a complete overhaul of the search engine and the search experience in general.To facilitate data searches, we are working with data producers to compile as complete a list as possible of existing databases and datasets on certain key themes, such as housing, employment and health data. 1,062 local authorities committed to opening up public dataSince October 2018, all local authorities with more than 3,500 inhabitants (and 50 full-time equivalent employees) have been obliged to publish their data "by default". This obligation meets the objectives of transparency vis-à-vis citizens, efficient public action and economic development. Five years on, while 40% of local authorities are well aware of this obligation (which carries no penalties), less than 16% comply with it.However, this percentage is rising. By 2022, 168 new communities had joined the movement.According to the Observatoire open data des territoires, by 2022, 1,062 local authorities were publishing open data, representing an increase of 19% in one year for all local authorities: all regions, 92% of metropolises, 65% of towns with over 100,000 inhabitants and 64% of départements. But only 10% of communes and EPCIs with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants. 60% of the population lives in a municipality or EPCI committed to an open approach.59% of local authorities publish their data on a portal, and 36% on the Géoportail.In the most advanced local authorities, the nature of portals is gradually changing. The data download areas of the early days, sometimes arid and not very communicative, are giving way to real editorialized sites. Information and numerous "data visualizations" are organized for citizens (who still have the option of downloading the data). Spaces are reserved for developers or partners wishing to connect in real time to different data sources.43% of local authorities have opted for open licenses.The Observatoire open data des territoires provides detailed information on the governance of 171 territorial platforms (shared or dedicated), on the frequency with which published datasets are updated, and on delays in updating data. Portals and thematic platforms to discover and take advantage of open dataRecherche Data Gouv: a portal for research data. In July 2022, the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research inaugurated the Recherche Data Gouv portal , an ecosystem for sharing and opening up research data.Cartes.gouv.fr: the future public service for territorial maps and data. At Numérique en Commun[s] 2023, held in Bordeaux on October 19 and 20, IGN (Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière) announced the forthcoming launch of the cartes.gouv.fr website. Cartes.gouv.fr will initially contain freely accessible public maps and data on a wide range of themes (topography, ecology, safety, land tenure, regulations, etc.), and will also offer services that will be enhanced to enable everyone to create, host, contribute, share, visualize and publish data and maps independently. Cartes.gouv.fr is based on a new open, collaborative infrastructure, the Géoplateforme. The future public service for territorial maps and data.Ecosphère(s) to develop the ecological transition data ecosystem. The French Ministry for Ecological Transition will shortly be opening "Ecospheres", the platform for accessing data produced by the ministerial cluster and implemented by the Ecolab team, within the General Commissariat for Sustainable Development. Ecospheres is designed to respond to the findings of recent studies, which have shown how complex it is to search for data, due in particular to its multiplicity, duplication, numerous tools and lack of updating. Ecosphère(s) takes the form of a thematic data portal designed in the same spirit as transport.data.gouv.fr in the field of mobility. It draws on the infrastructure and tools of data.gouv.fr, enabling data to be sorted, extracted, previewed and quality assessed. The portal does not host the data directly, but "harvests" metadata from open environmental databases held by local authorities, government agencies and operators. It already lists over 27,000 data sets.Meteo.data to centralize weather and climate data. The meteo.data.gouv.fr platform centralizes weather and climate data that can be downloaded and used free of charge. It includes climatological data from stations in mainland France and overseas, as well as "climate memory" data, which show the effects of climate change that have already been observed. The platform will gradually be enriched with new data such as observation data measured by weather stations, weather alerts, radar data and numerical weather prediction (NWP) data models.Open Collectivités to simplify access to local information and statistics. Statistical information on local authorities is disseminated by numerous players in the institutional sphere. The dissemination of this information makes it difficult for users to see. The diversity of formats - HTML pages, PDF documents, databases - makes it difficult to read. To this end, statisticians from the Direction Générale des Collectivités Locales (DGCL) have developed a portal, Open Collectivité, which centralizes "studies, statistics and local tools useful for decision-making, research or public debate". The Open Collectivité portal is aimed at public officials from local authorities, official statistics departments and central administrations, as well as civil society: citizens, journalists and researchers.Data Emploi, a tool for deciphering the labor market in every region. Pôle emploi has launched the Data Emploi portal, which brings together all available, up-to-date labor market monitoring data for the whole of France, employment area by employment area. Using interactive maps, this tool presents a wide range of indicators on the labor market in a given area, such as the dynamics of employment in the region, the sectors that are recruiting the most, the number of jobseekers and the types of contracts signed. This information comes from the Pôle emploi database (which the operator aggregates on a daily basis, in constant liaison with local economic players), as well as from a number of external data sources (INSEE, DARES, etc.). How can open data be standardized?While the law imposes a principle of generalized openness, each government department and territory publishes data according to its skills, data holdings and practices."From one producer to another, the files do not necessarily contain the same fields or provide the same level of detail", observes Data Publica in a comprehensive dossier devoted to the standardization of open data. What's more, data is not named in the same way in all regions. In the case of cycleability, for example, you'll have to search alternately for "cycle facilities" or "cycle paths", and you'll rarely find the keyword "cycle" in dataset descriptions, even though the term comes up spontaneously in connection with the subject. Beyond differences in terminology between local authorities, there is a more general mismatch (avocabulary mismatch) between producers, who publish documents using their own vocabulary, and users, who formulate their needs using a different one.Since 2018, the OpenDataFrance association, which federates local authorities committed to an open data approach, has been developing the Socle Commun des Données Locales (SCDL) to standardize the open data publication of essential data produced by territorial players, helping producers improve the quality of the data they publish. Eight data sets, previously selected as priorities, have been standardized.The Socle Commun des Données Locales has given impetus to state administration with the June 2019 launch of schema.data.gouv.fr, which references French standards that have been adopted by regulation or designed by the community of data producers and reusers.Data schemas are used to describe data models: what are the different fields, how are the data represented, what are the possible values, etc.? Among other things, they can be used to validate that a dataset conforms to a schema, generate documentation automatically, generate example datasets or propose standardized input forms.A number of data schemas have been published in recent months, including the Base Adresse Locale (BAL), DATAtourisme, aid schemes, essential data on French public procurement contracts, and facilities (specification of the data model for a local authority's public community facilities), a data schema for the reparability index, a schema for describing infrastructure work projects, schemas for electric vehicle recharging infrastructures, for hiking routes, carpooling sites and digital mediation sites, etc... High-value data" that the public sector must make available for re-useOn December 21, 2022, the European Commission published a regulation detailing the implementation of Article 14 of Directive 2019/1024 on open data and the re-use of public sector information.The regulation lists six categories of "data (high-value dataset)" that public sector players will have to make freely available for re-use within 16 months: geospatial data, earth observation and environment, meteorology, statistics, business and business ownership, mobility.This regulation completes the legal framework for the dissemination of public information initiated in 2007 with the Inspire directive(Infrastructure for spatial Information in the European Community). Under this directive, Member States are obliged to disseminate environmental data and describe it using harmonized metadata.In 2023, the producers concerned worked to publish data that had not yet been opened, and to check compliance with the procedures set out in the annex to the implementing regulation.The full list of high-value data and tracking of openings will be available on ouverture.data.gouv.fr.

What's it all about?Proactive administration reverses the usual administrative logic: rather than waiting for the user at the counter, the administration can, on the basis of the information at its disposal, anticipate the user's needs, rights and obligations. In this way, the administration can remind users of upcoming deadlines, notify them of rights they may be entitled to and show them how to assert them, or even one day grant them their rights without waiting for their request.The notion ofproactive administration lies at the crossroads of three recurring themes in public policy:Simplification: proactive administration follows on from the "Tell us once" program, which avoids the need for citizens to provide information or supporting documents already held by administrations, by relying on automatic data sharing.No access to rights. Whereas it is usually up to people to submit an application, which must then be processed, here it is the administration that informs people of their potential eligibility for aid and benefits, without waiting for them to take any action.Going towards: spontaneous notification by the administration of eligibility for certain rights, or automated access to certain benefits, are also, as the Défenseur des droits observes, "part of what is known as 'going towards' : a keyword that is now an essential part of the policies implemented in the name of access to rights and public services, designed in particular as a response to the failures of dematerialization".Work on "proactive administration " has several facets: technical, with data exchanges between administrations and dedicated developments; legal, in particular to deal with consent; and operational, with a wide variety of systems:Proactive error detection ;No need to declare, as long as the administration has all the information;Detection by cross-referencing data of people eligible for certain rights and pre-filling of forms: revenu de solidarité active, prime d'activité, aide personnalisée au logement ;Automatic payment of assistance or benefits without any prior action: energy vouchers, back-to-school allowance, school grants.Among its 12 proposals for guaranteeing the "last mile" of public policies, the Conseil d'État recently recommended the widespread use of "tell us once ". A legal and technical foundation for proactive administrationThe "Tell us once" approach laid the technical and legal foundations for proactive administration. By doing away with the need to collect and analyze supporting documents from users, and by supplementing files with information retrieved "at source" from the administration of reference and therefore more reliable, the aim was to avoid citizens and businesses having to provide information or supporting documents already held by other administrations when applying online, by relying on the automatic sharing of data between administrations via APIs (programming interfaces).Implemented in 2014 for businesses, the "Tell us once" principle was extended to individuals in 2018 with the "Law for a State serving a society of trust". A decree in January 2019 defined the technical and organizational framework relating to information and data exchanges between administrations. The Digital Department (DINUM) then set up a "tell us once" counter with tools serving the circulation and exploitation of data: a single access point to the administration's APIs(Api.gouv.fr) and hubs for individual data(Particulier.api.gouv.fr), business data(Entreprise.api.gouv.fr ) and geographic data(Geo.api.gouv.fr).The "Tell us once" logic has entered a new phase with the law on differentiation, decentralization and deconcentration (known as the 3DS law) and two decrees published on May 11, 2023. Article 162 of this law further facilitates the exchange of information between administrations. Previously, each API had to be mentioned in a decree, submitted to the CNIL. From now on, openness is the rule. The first decree organizes data exchanges between administrations "when these are necessary to process declarations or requests submitted by the public, to inform people of their rights to a possible benefit or advantage, and to allocate said benefits or advantages where applicable". A second decree specifies the list of administrations that will have to share their data to enable the implementation of this proactive administration, as well as the nature of the information to be shared.A system governed by the CNILIn a deliberation dated October 6, 2022, the CNIL notes that data exchanges between administrations "help to simplify administrative formalities for users when their purpose is to exempt users, whether individuals or legal entities, from having to provide the same supporting documents several times". It notes that data collectedin this way " will not be used or reused for the purposes of 'detecting or punishing fraud'". Proactive administration in action: first achievementsAutomatic payment of energy chequesGeneralized in 2018 to replace the social energy tariffs, the energy voucher is a means-tested aid paid to pay energy bills, buy fuel and carry out certain energy-related work. The cheque is nominative, i.e. the name of the beneficiary is indicated on the cheque. The energy voucher is intended for people of modest means. Each year, the tax authorities draw up a list of beneficiaries based on the household's reference tax income (RFR) and household composition determined in consumption units (UC). The energy voucher is sent automatically by post to the last address given to the tax authorities.Proactive error detectionIn the summer of 2019, the Caisse Nationale d'Allocations Familiales (CNAF) launched a nationwide spontaneous regularization campaign, enabling Cafes to target certain beneficiaries and invite them to report, even belatedly, a marital situation or the receipt by a dependent child of a salary exceeding 55% of the SMIC. And all this without risking a financial penalty (whereas a conventional inspection would have resulted in a penalty for fraud). The scheme was first tested for several months in Paris, before being rolled out across the country. The French tax authorities are deploying similar measures to combat tax evasion. Thanks to the more reliable Nominative Social Declaration (DSN), Urssaf can more easily detect material errors made by employers, which could have an impact on their social security contributions, thanks to more efficient data cross-referencing. They can then correct them by notifying the employer if necessary.Around 2 million errors have been proactively detected since 2019, including 75,006 thanks to the automatic search for inconsistencies between data, identified by URSSAF, with an online tool to facilitate the calculation and collection of social security contributions from employers (déclaration sociale nominative).Automatic granting of complementary health insurance for RSA beneficiariesThe French Social Security Financing Act for 2022 has made it easier for many recipients of minimum social benefits to access complementary health insurance. As a result, since February 2022, new RSA beneficiaries have benefited from an automatic allocation of complementary health insurance. In concrete terms, people who submit their RSA application online via the dedicated teleservice are systematically offered complementary health insurance at the end of this process. Unless they object, they and members of their household will then be entitled to it, provided they meet the conditions for RSA eligibility.Automatic payment of inflation compensationThe inflation allowance is an exceptional, individual aid of €100 paid to 38 million people living in France, to preserve their purchasing power in the face of sharply rising energy costs. From December 2021, the €100 inflation allowance has been paid automatically to people earning less than €2,000 a month, without them having to apply for it.Automatic intermediation of alimony paymentsSince March 1, 2022, child support payments set by a judge have been paid automatically by the CAF or MSA. This new public alimony service was set up to prevent late payments and unpaid alimony, protect single-parent families in precarious situations and simplify the daily lives of separated parents. From January 2023, the system will be extended to all out-of-court separations, as soon as a child support payment is due.Secondary schools: automating the allocation of scholarships to familiesFor the start of the 2024 school year, once enrolment at collège and lycée has been completed, families will have no further steps to take, and no supporting documents to submit, in order to obtain and renew scholarships throughout their school career(7th Interministerial Committee for Public Transformation). Proactive administration and access rightsAs a result of the complexity of the social benefits system, non-use is a massive phenomenon with major social consequences.A number of recent studies on various social benefits show that non-use frequently exceeds 30% in France. This is the case for the RSA (34% non-use) and the minimum old-age pension (50% non-use for single people).Dematerialization complicates access to rightsNumerous studies point to dematerialization as one of the factors hindering access to rights.The Conseil national des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion (CNLE) refers to the sometimes "degraded" way in which administrations operate, with complex procedures, very few opportunities for physical contact, and increasing pressure to use online procedures.For theObservatoire de l'éthique publique (OEP), while " dematerialization is, in some respects, an additional guarantee of continuity of public service " (by making it possible to carry out procedures anywhere and at any time), it also brings with it, on the other hand, " an increase in the technical complexity of administrative procedures and technological dependence, likely to create new disruptions ".A study carried out in 2021 by Secours Catholique and Odenore found that " to access and maintain their rights, increasing demands are now being placed on recipients, who are being encouraged to demonstrate digital autonomy. They must have an e-mail account and know how to use it, keep logins and change passwords regularly, log in to update their file... So many 'implicit conditionalities' outside the law, which can cause difficulties and non-use for those who have not mastered digital skills"." Formerly perfectly independent when it came to dealing with administrative formalities, many recipients of social benefits are now confronted with social services that are only accessible online. A survey report commissioned by the Hauts-de-France Regional Department of Youth, Sports and Social Cohesion (DRJSCS) concludes that " the rate of non-use of social services is likely to increase for this precarious population, which is less equipped and less skilled in digital interaction than the rest of the population".A coordinating committee for access to rightsA Coordination Committee for Access to Rights was set up on January 30, 2023 by the Minister of Solidarity. Its mission will be to monitor the Territoires zéro non-recours (zero non-recourse territories) experiment, and then to build the vast reform of solidarity at source."Solidarité à la source ": a first step towards simplifying procedures from 2024 onwardsThe "solidarity at source " project will enable people to find out which benefits they are entitled to, regardless of which "social counter " they go to. This source reform will ultimately take place in two stages:The first, starting in the second half of 2024, will involve a massive simplification of the administrative formalities required to qualify for solidarity benefits: initially the RSA and the prime d'activité. The aim is to draw inspiration from the logic of the pre-filled tax return, to do away as far as possible with figures to search for and supporting documents to gather. RSA and prime d'activité application and renewal forms will be pre-filled with information declared by companies, and recipients will simply have to validate them. Thanks to the pooling of income data held by the various funds and administrations, data mining work can be carried out: people who are potentially eligible but not making use of the system can be identified, then contacted and invited to assert their rights.The second stage of "solidarity at source " involves rethinking the parameters of solidarity benefits, to harmonize their resource bases.The Conseil d'Etat, in its report on the "last mile " of public policy, recommends that there should be only two types of resource base:a first for all family and RSA benefits;a second for tax-based resources. Promises and risks of proactive administrationA symposium devoted to the non-use of social benefits, organized by the DREES research department of the French Ministry of Solidarity, explored the " side effects " of automated social benefits.A first difficulty lies in the ability of algorithms to integrate complex situations: it is precisely the most precarious people who often have the most complex administrative files, due to changes in their employment, housing or family situation. For these people, automation could generate a need for support. Another difficulty arises from the method of calculating the monthly resources system (DRM), which underpins the solidarity at source project. Daniel Agacinski, Délégué général à la médiation auprès de la Défenseure des droits, warns of the risk of a "black box" effect. black box " The difficulty is "not having the possibility of entering this DRM to change and rectify errors".In a chapter of its 2021 annual activity report, devoted to the " promises of proactive administration ", the Défenseure des droits notes, like the CNIL, that "the information (...) thus collected (...) may not subsequently be used for other purposes, in particular to detect and punish fraud".According to the Défenseure des droits, "the lasting effects of automating the calculation and payment of certain benefits are questionable. On the one hand, automation does not rule out malfunctions, as we have seen since the introduction of the energy voucher or the recalculation of housing benefit. On the other hand, we run the risk of further erasing public services, and losing their relational dimension, which is so fundamental to the role these services play in fostering social cohesion and the sense of legitimacy that each and every one of us can feel when claiming and asserting our rights". Next step: "Ten moments in lifeThe 7th Interministerial Committee for Public Transformation, meeting on May 9, 2023 at Matignon, decided to implement a new simplification method based on 10 "life moments": I' m becoming a student, I'm establishing my identity, I'm leaving-I'm living-I'm returning from abroad, I'm renovating my home, I'm losing a loved one, I'm becoming a parent, I'm voting, I'm getting involved in community life, I'm moving house, I'm retiring.For the year 2023, priority is given to five of these ten moments in life: I'm becoming a student, I'm establishing my identity, I'm leaving-I'm living-I'm returning from abroad, I'm renovating my home, I'm losing a loved one.

As every year, the back-to-school circular from the French Minister of Education describes the priorities and new features that will come into effect from September onwards: reinforcement of media and information education, which will include " knowledge of rights and duties in the digital space and of the risks linked in particular to the use of social networks ", and "development of digital skills (...) with the roll-out of "Pix sixième" to all collèges".In addition, 2023 will see the implementation of the Digital Strategy for Education 2023-2027, published last January. This strategy has since been translated into a technical doctrine, based on a platform approach.With a view to reinforcing teacher training, a specific Pix, called " Pix+ Édu ", has been tested in a number of regions to prepare for the future introduction of digital skills certification for teachers.Faced with the challenges of digital education, the French Ministry of Education plans to extend the digital awareness certificate ("Pix 6e") for 6th graders throughout France.With the advent of portable devices, high-speed Internet access and e-learning platforms, the question arises as to the future of computer rooms. Educational communities and local authorities (responsible for the digital equipment of schools) are faced with a number of challenges: the high cost and maintenance of computer rooms, limited mobility for students and teachers, changes in learning methods, the integration of technology into ordinary classrooms... Digital strategy for education 2023-2027In January 2023, the French Ministry of Education released a digital strategy for education 2023-2027. The ambition of this document is to define the strategic vision of digital for education in France, for the period 2023-2027 "It aims to get the players to agree on a common vision, on unprecedented transformations, which will be to lead and succeed together."In particular, the authors of the strategy note that "unequal access to digital technology " This can create difficulties for people who are digitally excluded or who have great difficulty accessing it. "This can create difficulties for people who are digitally excluded or who have great difficulty accessing it. (...) These difficulties of access to digital technology create inequalities in learning and place the issues of digital inclusion and equal access to the public digital education service at the forefront".They also point to " a degraded user experience ". " Teachers, students, families or all education staff report difficulties in using the digital tools offered by the education ecosystem: complex and heterogeneous interfaces, unattractive, sometimes far removed from standards, unequally accessible and hardly adapted to mobility, lack of portability, data requiring multiple re-entries, connection breaks between tools, insufficient performance (...) These obstacles are all the more difficult for users to overcome as they are offered a significant proliferation of digital tools and resources without their uses being clarified, nor their access facilitated".The Digital Education Strategy for 2023-2027 aims to address several challenges:Strengthen national and local cooperation between education players, around pedagogical projects mobilizing digital technology where relevant;Developing students' digital skills;Provide teachers with a clear offer, combining digital tools and resources to put digital technology at the service of student success;Develop the robustness, security, accessibility, quality and eco-responsibility of the Ministry's IT tools, to simplify the work of its employees and thus enhance the quality of the service provided. A 4-pronged strategyThe strategy is based on 4 axes, each with several key actions.An ecosystem committed to a shared public policy:Strengthen governance of digital education at national and local levels ;Share indicators for steering and evaluation purposes ;Define typical individual student equipment (middle and high school);Digital education that develops citizenship and digital skills;Ensure the acquisition of digital skills throughout the school career ;Enable students to become informed citizens in the digital age.An educational community supported by a reasoned, sustainable and inclusive digital offering:Supporting the development of digital commons;Simplify access to digital services by creating a "resource account";Putting digital technology at the service of inclusive schools;Better training for educational teams in digital teaching methods.Supporting teachers in digital education:Organize digital educational services around an interoperable platform ;Mobilizing data for the school.New rules for a ministerial information system at the service of its usersAccelerating digital transformation;Increase efficiency by expanding and supporting pooling;Improve fluidity and quality by integrating the principles of agility and user experience;Developing eco-responsibility.To achieve all these objectives, the Ministry of Education intends to renew its partnership with local authorities, which "provide material resources such as infrastructure and terminals, install and maintain them, and increasingly finance teaching resources ". This partnership will have to " take account of technological developments, notably the omnipresence of cloud-hosted solutions, hardware (smartphones, tablets, laptops, interactive and immersive media), and the emergence of ENTs (digital workspaces). We also need to understand the "out-of-school" dimension of digital education. This new partnership needs to be forged at different levels - academies and regions, academic departments and départements, inter-municipalities, basins and communes". Supporting the development of digital commonsThe digital strategy devotes a chapter to the "digital commons". By this it means "a set of digital resources produced and managed by a community. By their very nature, they are shared and collective". It mentions several tools available to teachers:The apps education.fr service platform, which provides collaboration and communication tools such as " virtual classrooms " and video-agents, as well as file-sharing and video-publishing tools hosted on French infrastructures.The Éléa platform, based on open-source Moodle software, which enables teachers to create and share open educational resources and scripted digital learning paths for their students.The "Magistère" platform, which provides teachers and all Ministry staff with a wide catalog of online training resources."This first version of the national offering will be enhanced according to a roadmap agreed with all players, local authorities and EdTech companies."Teachers, particularly at NSI or SNT, are waiting for a "forge" that would enable them to collaborate with peers and share computer code. The Ministry has announced the availability of a forge that is technologically sovereign and shared nationwide. A technical doctrine for digital educationFollowing on from the strategy, in May 2023 the French Ministry of Education published a " technical doctrine for digital education ", "to establish a framework of common architecture and rules, aimed at providing users with a legible and structured set of simply accessible and interoperable educational digital services".Towards an open, interoperable ecosystemThis technical doctrine takes into account the accelerated growth in the use of digital educational services in the 1st and 2nd degrees since 2020. "More and more are being used, not only for administrative purposes and to keep track of schooling, but also for pedagogical activities and to implement educational missions. The logical corollary is a consequent increase in the use of services, which requires both perfect control of data and an open, interoperable ecosystem".A platform logicThe idea is for the State to guarantee " every player in education equal access to and simple use of digital services in a secure, open and interoperable ecosystem, for the purposes of implementing learning within the framework of the programs and skills repositories of the Ministry of National Education ". To this end, "digital education must be developed according to a platform logic, in the sense of a set of players respecting an architecture framework and common rules and standards, to provide users with a legible and structured set of services that are easily accessible and interoperable (...).) The public education service thus gains in agility, enabling users and companies in the digital education industry to benefit from innovative services, but also in sovereignty, by excluding any solution that does not respect the rules laid down, particularly in terms of ethics and data protection".Lastly, the technical doctrine refers to three standards currently being drawn up, dedicated to interoperability, security and digital responsibility requirements, which are intended to be enforceable by law". Pix+ Édu: towards certification of teachers' digital skillsAlmost all education staff use digital technology to prepare their lessons ( Profetic 2018 survey).Only 16% of primary school teachers and 29% of secondary school teachers feel well or very well prepared for its use in their initial training(Cnesco 2021 study).With a view to strengthening teacher training, a specific Pix, called " Pix+ Édu ", has been tested in a few territories to prepare for the future introduction of the Pix+ EDU certification of teachers' digital skills.This self-assessment course enables teachers to take stock of their level of mastery of digital skills for teaching, and to access online training resources.Pix+ Édu covers transversal and professional digital skills, differentiated for 1st and 2nd grade. It takes the form of questions, with recommended tutorials. A digital awareness certificate starting in 6th gradeFaced with the challenges of digital education and, in particular, to raise awareness of the fight against cyberbullying, hate speech and illicit online content, the French Ministry of Education plans to extend the digital awareness certificate to all 6th graders.Nearly 110 volunteer middle schools experimented with it during the 2022-23 school year.In 2023-2024, " Pix 6e " will be extended to all middle schools.Pix 6ème gives rise to a certificate guaranteeing that pupils have benefited from this awareness-raising program. It includes a specific "protection and safety" pathway, which targets 4 skills:securing the digital environment ;protect personal data and privacy ;protecting health, well-being and the environment;prevent cyberbullying.Since the 2021-2022 school year, Pix has been generalized from the 5th grade onwards, with compulsory digital skills certification for students in 3e at collège and Terminale at lycée général, technologique et professionnel.