While the recognition of their rights (to employment or social protection) is the subject of court decisions and the European Commission proposes adirectivewhich "enshrines new rights for both employees and self-employed workers with regard to algorithmic management," Sophia Galière, a senior lecturer in management sciences, and Claire Le Breton, a postdoctoral researcher, present in The Conversation the conclusions of their study on online courier discussion groups.
Références :
Their ethnographic investigation mixes observations of discussion groups on social networks (Facebook, Telegram) and forty interviews with deliverymen of ready-made meals using these groups.
According to the study, " the overwhelming majority of discussions observed on these devices actually deal with workers' daily concerns (...). Online chat groups, even when they are 'secret' and deployed on encrypted applications like Telegram, remain primarily places where couriers exchange about good work practices."
"These operational exchanges, which are necessary to hope to generate regular and sufficient income from their activity on the platforms, allow uberized workers to better cope with unsatisfactory working conditions.For these individuals," the two researchers point out, " the urgent task is to learn how to deal with the multiple constraints that weigh on their activity: how to deal with the administrative procedures related to the status of micro-entrepreneur when the delivery of ready-made meals is not the result of a long-term entrepreneurial project? How to understand the functioning of the opaque algorithms that remotely coordinate the work when the only training received has been very rudimentary? And how to manage the unexpected (accidents, problems with orders, restaurateurs or customers) when local management is reduced to support services relocated to other continents ?Not only do the platforms," add Sophia Galière and Claire Le Breton, "not support workers in the control of their daily activity, but the algorithms they implement tend to erase any possibility of collective face-to-face work."Algorithms are now sufficiently sophisticated to eradicate waiting times as much as possible and ensure ever faster delivery to the customer."
The quest for collectives and mutual aid has thus moved online through the creation of free and self-managed discussion groups by the uberized workers. "The massive nature of these online groups, with several hundred or even thousands of members, as well as the diversity of their members' profiles (in terms of socio-professional trajectories, seniority, geographical dispersion, etc.), are proving to be assets for mutual aid and learning the trade.
The survey shows that " the very functionalities of digital tools stimulate the anchoring of this learning: on the one hand, their instantaneous nature means that each question generally receives an answer in less than an hour, and on the other hand, automatic archiving encourages the accumulation of shared knowledge over time. As a result, digital tools allow active couriers to share information efficiently and passive couriers to benefit from the exchanges without even participating.
As such, "online self-help groups only anchor and reflect the institutional and socio-economic relations of domination that weigh on platform workers. They encourage adherence to the myth of the self-entrepreneur who, with a little intelligence or malignancy, could take advantage of the hyper-meritocratic logic of the platforms."
Ethnographic survey: platform workers, when mutual aid becomes a trap
While the recognition of their rights (to employment or social protection) is the subject of court decisions and the European Commission proposes adirectivewhich "enshrines new rights for both employees and self-employed workers with regard to algorithmic management," Sophia Galière, a senior lecturer in management sciences, and Claire Le Breton, a postdoctoral researcher, present in The Conversation the conclusions of their study on online courier discussion groups.
Références :
Their ethnographic investigation mixes observations of discussion groups on social networks (Facebook, Telegram) and forty interviews with deliverymen of ready-made meals using these groups.
According to the study, " the overwhelming majority of discussions observed on these devices actually deal with workers' daily concerns (...). Online chat groups, even when they are 'secret' and deployed on encrypted applications like Telegram, remain primarily places where couriers exchange about good work practices."
"These operational exchanges, which are necessary to hope to generate regular and sufficient income from their activity on the platforms, allow uberized workers to better cope with unsatisfactory working conditions.For these individuals," the two researchers point out, " the urgent task is to learn how to deal with the multiple constraints that weigh on their activity: how to deal with the administrative procedures related to the status of micro-entrepreneur when the delivery of ready-made meals is not the result of a long-term entrepreneurial project? How to understand the functioning of the opaque algorithms that remotely coordinate the work when the only training received has been very rudimentary? And how to manage the unexpected (accidents, problems with orders, restaurateurs or customers) when local management is reduced to support services relocated to other continents ?Not only do the platforms," add Sophia Galière and Claire Le Breton, "not support workers in the control of their daily activity, but the algorithms they implement tend to erase any possibility of collective face-to-face work."Algorithms are now sufficiently sophisticated to eradicate waiting times as much as possible and ensure ever faster delivery to the customer."
The quest for collectives and mutual aid has thus moved online through the creation of free and self-managed discussion groups by the uberized workers. "The massive nature of these online groups, with several hundred or even thousands of members, as well as the diversity of their members' profiles (in terms of socio-professional trajectories, seniority, geographical dispersion, etc.), are proving to be assets for mutual aid and learning the trade.
The survey shows that " the very functionalities of digital tools stimulate the anchoring of this learning: on the one hand, their instantaneous nature means that each question generally receives an answer in less than an hour, and on the other hand, automatic archiving encourages the accumulation of shared knowledge over time. As a result, digital tools allow active couriers to share information efficiently and passive couriers to benefit from the exchanges without even participating.
As such, "online self-help groups only anchor and reflect the institutional and socio-economic relations of domination that weigh on platform workers. They encourage adherence to the myth of the self-entrepreneur who, with a little intelligence or malignancy, could take advantage of the hyper-meritocratic logic of the platforms."