Fact Sheet 5.1: Free Licenses
Summary
The use of a license allows :
- → formalize the reuse framework defined by the law, thereby strengthening legal certainty and the trust established between the administration and reusers ;
- →in the presence of intellectual property rights (including copyright), to grant a license to the intellectual property rights held for the benefit of the reusers and in compliance with the law.
Licenses are non-exclusive contracts of assignment of intellectual property rights, granted for the whole world and for the entire duration of the rights, by which a right holder authorizes a licensee free of charge to copy, modify and distribute his creation. Based on a broader base than copyright alone, these licenses also include contract law and sui generis database law.
The choice of the initial license is fundamental: in terms of marketing in order to appeal to already existing communities, in strategic terms, because the economic model developed around the software can depend on it, and finally in legal terms because the opening of the project can have as a consequence to provoke contributions following which the initial holder will not be able to unilaterally change the license (except to make it yield all the rights of the other contributors). A license adapted to the software and to the expectations of the Buyer will facilitate the structuring of the future collaboration, this last one being then concentrated only on the optimization and the mutualization in the development and the exploitation of the software (the licenses ensuring, them, the transfers of intellectual property rights necessary to the evolution of the project).
While it may be tempting to write a specific license, especially when the software is important, it is not recommended to embark on this risky exercise in legal terms (that the license contains non-existent flaws), communication and updating. On the contrary, choosing an existing license allows to capitalize on the uses that are already made of it. Moreover, the use of such a license within the administration would require following the approval procedure provided for inarticle D.323-2-2 of the CRPA. This choice is generally complex, a clever mix of strategy and tactics that must integrate the constraints resulting from the use of Open Source components within the software. It is necessary to adopt the license most adapted to one's project by focusing on its obligations, its scope, its triggering element and possibly the compatibility that it organizes with the licenses of other nearby software. The existence of hundreds of licenses suggests an equally large number of specific situations that have justified them, so it is not surprising to customize the license to ensure that it meets the objectives of the project in every respect: we speak of "interpretation" when it is a matter of specifying the license to give it a precise scope that will hold the parties and the judge; we speak of "exception" when it is a matter of deviating from the initial terms with the effect of making the final license more or less restrictive.Références :
Legal doctrine applied to digital commons developed under the impetus or with the participation of a public entity
Fact Sheet 5.1: Free Licenses
The use of a license allows :
- → formalize the reuse framework defined by the law, thereby strengthening legal certainty and the trust established between the administration and reusers ;
- →in the presence of intellectual property rights (including copyright), to grant a license to the intellectual property rights held for the benefit of the reusers and in compliance with the law.
Licenses are non-exclusive contracts of assignment of intellectual property rights, granted for the whole world and for the entire duration of the rights, by which a right holder authorizes a licensee free of charge to copy, modify and distribute his creation. Based on a broader base than copyright alone, these licenses also include contract law and sui generis database law.
The choice of the initial license is fundamental: in terms of marketing in order to appeal to already existing communities, in strategic terms, because the economic model developed around the software can depend on it, and finally in legal terms because the opening of the project can have as a consequence to provoke contributions following which the initial holder will not be able to unilaterally change the license (except to make it yield all the rights of the other contributors). A license adapted to the software and to the expectations of the Buyer will facilitate the structuring of the future collaboration, this last one being then concentrated only on the optimization and the mutualization in the development and the exploitation of the software (the licenses ensuring, them, the transfers of intellectual property rights necessary to the evolution of the project).
While it may be tempting to write a specific license, especially when the software is important, it is not recommended to embark on this risky exercise in legal terms (that the license contains non-existent flaws), communication and updating. On the contrary, choosing an existing license allows to capitalize on the uses that are already made of it. Moreover, the use of such a license within the administration would require following the approval procedure provided for inarticle D.323-2-2 of the CRPA. This choice is generally complex, a clever mix of strategy and tactics that must integrate the constraints resulting from the use of Open Source components within the software. It is necessary to adopt the license most adapted to one's project by focusing on its obligations, its scope, its triggering element and possibly the compatibility that it organizes with the licenses of other nearby software. The existence of hundreds of licenses suggests an equally large number of specific situations that have justified them, so it is not surprising to customize the license to ensure that it meets the objectives of the project in every respect: we speak of "interpretation" when it is a matter of specifying the license to give it a precise scope that will hold the parties and the judge; we speak of "exception" when it is a matter of deviating from the initial terms with the effect of making the final license more or less restrictive.Références :