Factsheet 3.2: Knowing in more detail the main principles and licensing rules attached to public information
Summary
The web version proposed here is a simplified version of the data sheet. You can find the complete version, with more details and legal references, on the pdf linked at the bottom of the page.
Several major principles govern the free re-use of public information. In addition, the use of licenses to control this reuse is subject to several rules.
1. Main principles governing the free re-use of public information
1.1. Principle of free reuse
Information contained in released or published administrative documents may be used by any person who wishes to do so for purposes other than those of the public service mission for which the documents were produced or received.
1.2. Principle of free access
With some exceptions, the re-use of public information is in principle free of charge.
1.3. Principle of non-exclusivity
With some exceptions, the re-use of public information cannot be subject to an exclusive right granted to a third party.
1.4. General conditions for re-use of public information
Unless the administration agrees, public information must not be altered, its meaning must not be distorted and its sources and the date of its last update must be mentioned.
1.5. Provision of a directory
"The administrations that produce or hold public information shall make available to users a directory of the main documents in which this information appears. They shall publish an updated version of this directory every year".
2. Use of licenses
2.1. Optional or mandatory use of licenses
The re-use of public information does not necessarily have to be regulated by contracts.
The establishment of such contracts, called licenses, is only compulsory in the case of reuse subject to payment of a fee. In all other cases, it is only an option for the administration communicating or diffusing this public information.
The use of these licenses has certain advantages. As noted in the impact study of the so-called "Valter" bill, "even when they are concluded free of charge, the licenses have a major educational purpose and are an opportunity to remind people of the rules relating to reuse provided for in the law of July 17, 1978.
The CADA thus emphasizes that "licenses are a common and widespread instrument, known and often appreciated by users, in other contexts of data reuse than the French administrative context. They provide an opportunity to remind the reuser of the rules governing the reuse of public information.
For this reason, administrations "are strongly encouraged to use it for educational purposes, in order to make it easier for reusers to understand their rights and obligations.
2.2 Content of the licenses
When the re-use of public information is licensed, the content of the license is strictly regulated:
- →No conditions on re-use shall be imposed unless they are objective, proportionate, non-discriminatory and justified on the basis of a public interest objective. ;
- →These potential conditions must not unduly limit the opportunities for reuse and must not be used to restrict competition ;
- →The license will have to specify at least "the information subject to reuse, its source and the date it was made available, the commercial or non-commercial nature of its reuse, as well as the rights and obligations of the licensee, including the amount of the fee and the terms of its payment".
2.3 Use of mandatory standard licenses
"In Member States where licences are used, Member States shall ensure that standard licences for the re-use of public sector documents, which can be adapted to particular licence applications, are offered and available for use in electronic form. Member States shall encourage the use of such standard licences. The list of standard licenses that the administration can use has been specified in article D. 323-2-1 of the CRPA. These licenses are now listed on the page accessible at https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/licences.
The list of standard licenses that the administration can use has been specified in article D. 323-2-1 of the code of relations between the public and the administration. Apart from cases where public information is in the form of software, the following licenses may be used: For more details, you can consult the Technical Sheet 5.1 - Open Data licenses
- the open license for reuse of public information ;
- the Open Database License;
When public information is in the form of software, the following licenses are involved: These licenses are listed today on the page accessible on data.gouv.
- the so-called "permissive" licenses named "Berkeley Software Distribution License", "Apache", "CeCILL-B" and "Massachusetts Institute of Technology License";
- the "reciprocity" licenses called "Mozilla Public License", "GNU General Public License" and "CeCILL".
2.4. Provision of licenses and processing of applications
If licenses are used, they must be made available electronically to those interested in the re-use of the information.
Référence :
This fact sheet is a joint publication by Vercken & Gaullier and inno³ on behalf of the Digital Society Lab (labo.societenumerique.gouv.fr). Intended to promote the emergence of a common legal doctrine regarding commons produced or supported by the administration, it is aimed at both the actors who are carriers of commons as well as the people in charge of supporting these approaches. It is intended to be updated according to legislative and jurisprudential developments and to be completed according to contributions and remarks. It does not constitute legal advice and does not in any way replace the opinions that must be sought from the competent persons within each department. Finally, do not hesitate to consult the website http://labo.societenumerique.gouv.fr in order to read the latest versions of these documents, to consult any other resource for public actors wishing to mobilize the potential of the digital commons in their strategy or to contribute to this dynamic.
Legal doctrine applied to digital commons developed under the impetus or with the participation of a public entity
Factsheet 3.2: Knowing in more detail the main principles and licensing rules attached to public information
The web version proposed here is a simplified version of the data sheet. You can find the complete version, with more details and legal references, on the pdf linked at the bottom of the page.
Several major principles govern the free re-use of public information. In addition, the use of licenses to control this reuse is subject to several rules.
1. Main principles governing the free re-use of public information
1.1. Principle of free reuse
Information contained in released or published administrative documents may be used by any person who wishes to do so for purposes other than those of the public service mission for which the documents were produced or received.
1.2. Principle of free access
With some exceptions, the re-use of public information is in principle free of charge.
1.3. Principle of non-exclusivity
With some exceptions, the re-use of public information cannot be subject to an exclusive right granted to a third party.
1.4. General conditions for re-use of public information
Unless the administration agrees, public information must not be altered, its meaning must not be distorted and its sources and the date of its last update must be mentioned.
1.5. Provision of a directory
"The administrations that produce or hold public information shall make available to users a directory of the main documents in which this information appears. They shall publish an updated version of this directory every year".
2. Use of licenses
2.1. Optional or mandatory use of licenses
The re-use of public information does not necessarily have to be regulated by contracts.
The establishment of such contracts, called licenses, is only compulsory in the case of reuse subject to payment of a fee. In all other cases, it is only an option for the administration communicating or diffusing this public information.
The use of these licenses has certain advantages. As noted in the impact study of the so-called "Valter" bill, "even when they are concluded free of charge, the licenses have a major educational purpose and are an opportunity to remind people of the rules relating to reuse provided for in the law of July 17, 1978.
The CADA thus emphasizes that "licenses are a common and widespread instrument, known and often appreciated by users, in other contexts of data reuse than the French administrative context. They provide an opportunity to remind the reuser of the rules governing the reuse of public information.
For this reason, administrations "are strongly encouraged to use it for educational purposes, in order to make it easier for reusers to understand their rights and obligations.
2.2 Content of the licenses
When the re-use of public information is licensed, the content of the license is strictly regulated:
- →No conditions on re-use shall be imposed unless they are objective, proportionate, non-discriminatory and justified on the basis of a public interest objective. ;
- →These potential conditions must not unduly limit the opportunities for reuse and must not be used to restrict competition ;
- →The license will have to specify at least "the information subject to reuse, its source and the date it was made available, the commercial or non-commercial nature of its reuse, as well as the rights and obligations of the licensee, including the amount of the fee and the terms of its payment".
2.3 Use of mandatory standard licenses
"In Member States where licences are used, Member States shall ensure that standard licences for the re-use of public sector documents, which can be adapted to particular licence applications, are offered and available for use in electronic form. Member States shall encourage the use of such standard licences. The list of standard licenses that the administration can use has been specified in article D. 323-2-1 of the CRPA. These licenses are now listed on the page accessible at https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/licences.
The list of standard licenses that the administration can use has been specified in article D. 323-2-1 of the code of relations between the public and the administration. Apart from cases where public information is in the form of software, the following licenses may be used: For more details, you can consult the Technical Sheet 5.1 - Open Data licenses
- the open license for reuse of public information ;
- the Open Database License;
When public information is in the form of software, the following licenses are involved: These licenses are listed today on the page accessible on data.gouv.
- the so-called "permissive" licenses named "Berkeley Software Distribution License", "Apache", "CeCILL-B" and "Massachusetts Institute of Technology License";
- the "reciprocity" licenses called "Mozilla Public License", "GNU General Public License" and "CeCILL".
2.4. Provision of licenses and processing of applications
If licenses are used, they must be made available electronically to those interested in the re-use of the information.
Référence :
This fact sheet is a joint publication by Vercken & Gaullier and inno³ on behalf of the Digital Society Lab (labo.societenumerique.gouv.fr). Intended to promote the emergence of a common legal doctrine regarding commons produced or supported by the administration, it is aimed at both the actors who are carriers of commons as well as the people in charge of supporting these approaches. It is intended to be updated according to legislative and jurisprudential developments and to be completed according to contributions and remarks. It does not constitute legal advice and does not in any way replace the opinions that must be sought from the competent persons within each department. Finally, do not hesitate to consult the website http://labo.societenumerique.gouv.fr in order to read the latest versions of these documents, to consult any other resource for public actors wishing to mobilize the potential of the digital commons in their strategy or to contribute to this dynamic.
Labo Société Numérique